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        Optimized hybrid PVDF/graphene membranes for enhancing performance of AGMD process in water desalination

        H.R. Mortaheb,M. Baghban Salehi,M. Rajabzadeh 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.99 No.-

        Hybrid membranes consisting of polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) and electrochemically-fabricatedgraphene were prepared via phase inversion technique. The important parameters in manufacturingunfilled PVDF membranes including polymer concentration and content of additives were initiallyassessed. The effects of adding graphene to the PVDF membrane on its performance for desalination of a3.5 wt% NaCl solution were then investigated using an air gap membrane distillation setup. Thesimultaneous effects of three individual parameters in membrane preparation including ethanolconcentration in the coagulation bath, the coagulation bath temperature, and graphene content onmembrane characteristics such as contact angle, porosity, and permeationflux were investigated. Byincreasing ethanol concentration in the coagulation bath and graphene content in the polymeric solution,the contact angle and thus hydrophobicity of the membrane were increased. Also, by increasing graphenecontent up to 0.5 wt%, the membrane permeationflux was increased while further increase in thegraphene content resulted in decrease in the permeationflux. It was found that coagulation bathtemperature has the highest effect on the membrane porosity. The parameters for manufacturingoptimum membrane were determined by experimental design. The optimum membrane could yield apermeationflux of 3.54 kg m 2 h 1 and a salt rejection of 99.88%, which are in good agreement with thepredicted results. The performance of optimized membrane was superior to those by PVDF and GO/PVDFmembranes reported previously in literature.

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