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Yu, Jae-Young,M. Slaughter 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-
기학학적 분석을 바탕으로 1M 및 2N_(1) 2:1 층상 규산염 광물의 구조를 모델링 하기위한 포트란 프로그램 PHYLS가 개발 되었다. PHYLS를 수행사기 위한 입력자료는 광물의 하학 조성과 d(001) 격자 거리며 , 이로부터의 출력은 단위포 내 결정학적 독립 구조 자리의 위치 그리고 단위포의 크기 및 부피, 측각, 원자간 거리 다면체의 변셩각도등을 포함하는 구조적 요소들이다. PHYLS는 이와 같은 자세한 구조 정보를 사용자가 선택하는 고간군 FORTRAN program PHYLS was developed to model the structures of 2:1 IM and 2M_(1) phyllosilicates on the basis of geometrical analyses. Input to PHYLS requires the chemical composition and d(001) spacing of the mineral The output from PHYLS consists of the coordinates of the orystallosraphicallyindependent sites in the unit cell, and such structural parameters as the cell dimensions, interaxial angle. cell volume, interatomic distances, and deformation angles of the polyhedra. PHYLS can generate these structural details according to the user's choice of space group and cation configuration. User can choose one of such space groups as C2/m, C2. and C2/c and such cation configurations as random and ordered fetrahedral/octahedral cation configurations . PHYLS simulated the structures of dioctahedral and trioctahedral phyllosilicates having random tetrahedral cation configuration fairIy close to the reported experimentally determined structures. In contrast, the simulated structures for ordered tetrahedral cation configurations showed greater deviation from the experimentally determined structures than those for random configurations. However, if the cations were partially ordered and the sizes of the tetrahedra became similar, the simulated structures showed little deviations from the experimental ones, which suggests that appropriate application of PHYLS may be helpful in various investigations on the relationships between structures and Physicochemical Properties of the phyllosilicates.
A cost-effective two-step method for enhancing the hydrophilicity of PDMS surfaces
Gymama Slaughter,Brian Stevens 한국바이오칩학회 2014 BioChip Journal Vol.8 No.1
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is commonly used for fabricating micro- and nanofluidic devices due to its low cost and ease of fabrication. The major disadvantage to using PDMS for these applications is its hydrophobic properties. The current methods that enhance the hydrophilicity of elastomers used for micro- and nanofluidic applications are intricate and cost-inefficient. This contribution demonstrates how the hydrophobic PDMS surface can be chemically modified in 5 minutes using a two-step silanization method in an oxygen-saturated environment to provide a highly stable hydrophilic surface for irreversible PDMS to PDMS bonding and PDMS to borosilicate glass bonding. The surface wettabilities of the modified and pristine PDMS were characterized over a wide range of time using static contact angle measurements. The modified PDMS surfaces exhibit enhanced stable hydrophilicity with a contact angle of 87for 5 days. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra of the modified and pristine PDMS surfaces confirmed the presence of hydroxyl groups of water molecules in the modified PDMS at 3150 cm-1 in addition to the characteristic peaks of pristine PDMS. This reliable silane beaker chemistry-based method allows easy bonding of the PDMS surfaces for liquid containment and irreversible bonding to borosilicate glass. This approach can effectively be adapted for enhancing the hydrophilicity of PDMS, which ensure relevance for current and future microand nanofluidic applications.
Zenobia and Addie: Conceiving Death in The Blithedale Romance and As I Lay Dying
( Sharon Talley ),( Sara Slaughter ) 한국영미문학페미니즘학회 2010 영미문학페미니즘 Vol.18 No.2
This essay, which is historical in approach, uses feminist theory to analyze the complex ways in which two male-authored texts, The Blithedale Romance and As I Lay Dying, use the female reproductive system to link women`s identity with death and dying. In comparing the different circumstances but similar fates of Zenobia and Addie, we argue that their deaths, which can both be interpreted as suicides, gain force as cultural pleas for social change regarding female experience when the menstrual metaphors associated with them are examined closely.
Mondal, Nandan K.,Siddique, Shabana,Banerjee, Madhuchanda,Roychoudhury, Sanghita,Mukherjee, Sayali,Slaughter, Mark S.,Lahiri, Twisha,Ray, Manas R. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2017 Safety and health at work Vol.8 No.2
Background: There are a million ragpickers in India who gather and trade recyclable municipal solid wastes materials for a living. The objective of this study was to examine whether their occupation adversely affects their immunity. Methods: Seventy-four women ragpickers (median age, 30 years) and 65 age-matched control housemaids were enrolled. Flow cytometry was used to measure leukocyte subsets, and leukocyte expressions of $Fc{\gamma}$ receptor I (CD64), $Fc{\gamma}RIII$ (CD16), complement receptor 1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b/CD18), and CD14. Serum total immunoglobulin-E was estimated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Compared with the controls, ragpickers had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher levels of CD8-T-cytotoxic, CD16+CD56+natural killer, and CD4+CD45RO+memory T-cells, but depleted levels of CD19+B-cells. The percentage of CD4+T-helper-cells was lower than the control group (p < 0.0001), but their absolute number was relatively unchanged (p = 0.42) due to 11% higher lymphocyte counts in ragpickers. In ragpickers, the percentages of CD14+CD16+intermediate and CD14dim CD16+nonclassical monocyte subsets were elevated with a decline in CD14+CD16-classical monocytes. The expressions of CD64, CD16, CD35, and CD11b/CD18 on both monocytes and neutrophils, and CD14 on monocytes were significantly higher in ragpickers. In addition, ragpickers had 2.7-times more serum immunoglobulin-E than the controls (p < 0.0001). After controlling potential confounders, the profession of ragpicking was positively associated with the changes. Conclusion: Ragpicking is associated with alterations in both innate (neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer cell numbers and expression of complement and $Fc{\gamma}$ receptors) and adaptive immunity (numbers of circulating B cells, helper, cytotoxic, and memory T cells).