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The myth of washoku: a twisted discourse on the “uniqueness” of national food heritages
Ryo Kohsaka 한국식품연구원 2017 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.4 No.2
In 2013, Japan and Korea celebrated their first food culture registrations with the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This paper first reviews the overall situation regarding washoku. Then, the washoku concept is analyzed and we argue that the idea is ambiguous. The washoku concept is contested and not necessarily clearly defined, but certain characteristics exist. The “uniqueness” is emphasized in the UNESCO registration while the reasoning or storyline for applications, such as relationships to nature, traditional preparations, community cohesion are “common” with other applications. The context of registration is frequently misinterpreted, and washoku has certain elements that are responsive to changes, despite its authentic and unchanged popular image. The ambiguity has both positive and negative aspects. It functions as a framework to enable groups with different interests or interpretations to participate in the process.
Beekeeping and honey production in Japan and South Korea: past and present
Ryo Kohsaka,박미선,Yuta Uchiyama 한국식품연구원 2017 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.4 No.2
Background Bee honey is a main ingredient in traditional food culture in different regions of the world. Honey is widely utilized as an ethnic food item. Methods This paper analyzes the historical and present status of beekeeping and honey production in Japan and South Korea based on the relevant literature and statistical data. Results The findings reveal that Western honeybees are dominant in the two countries for economic and physical reasons. Honey production has declined and the amount of imported honey has increased in Japan and South Korea. The domestic and global honey markets closely influence reciprocally. Furthermore, urban beekeeping has emerged in these two countries as a hobby and an industry; it contributes to producing domestic honey and enhances the quality of the environment. Conclusion To ensure sustainable forestry and conserve biodiversity, native beekeeping is necessary. This paper provides insight into beekeeping and honey production in Japan and South Korea.
Capturing the relationships between local foods and residents: A case in the Noto region, Japan
Ryo Kohsaka,Hikaru Matsuoka,Yuta Uchiyama 한국식품연구원 2016 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.3 No.2
Background: Under the influence of global trends, most regions are at risk of losing their local-food knowledge. In this context, analyzing the transmission of the knowledge, understanding the context of transmission, and implementing precise activities and policies are required. Noto is known for its unique ethnic fermented food products. Methods: Through our questionnaire survey and analysis of the Noto peninsula, we explore the relationships between the attributes of local food producers and the variety of foods they produce, attempting to identify the key attributes related to making diverse local foods and the transmission of local food knowledge. Results: Our analysis showed a correlation between the diversity of local foods made by residents and the number of years they had lived in the municipality. Conclusion: The results implied that adequate management of social networks by local residents, who depend on the local environment, is required in transmitting the knowledge of local foods.
Ryo Kohsaka,Yuta Uchiyama 한국산림과학회 2022 Forest Science And Technology Vol.18 No.4
To facilitate forest management as part of climate change mitigation and adaptation, theForest Environment Transfer Tax (FETT) was introduced in Japan in 2019, representing aform of payment for ecosystem services. In this study, we focused on the introduction ofthe tax and the status of its use based on an analysis covering Japan’s 47 prefectures. Thisinvolved reviewing policy processes related to FETT and conducting a survey among rele-vant prefectural officers to identify how FETT is being used, with a focus on plans, policies,and systems related to forest data development and exchanges. The proportions of bothtotal and FETT budgets used for forest data development were significant. Several prefec-tures are improving forest-related data in a two-way manner by coordinating with munici-palities. Correlation analysis revealed that prefectures with greater proportions of privatelyowned forests allocated more budget to forest data development, which is in line with theFETT’s intended purpose. This result suggests that the absolute size of such forestlands isless important, but that the proportion of privately owned forests carries political and socialweight that could be a critical factor in budget allocation.