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( Lucky Kumar Attri ),( Harsh Nayyar ),( Ravinder Kumar Bhanwra ),( Suraj Prakash Vij ) 한국식물학회 2007 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.50 No.5
If left unpollinated, the flowers of Aerides multiflora (Roxb.) and Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Bl. can remain fresh for 17 and 24 d, respectively. However, they begin to wilt at 2 to 3 days after pollination (DAP) and 3 to 4 DAP, respectively, and become senescent at 5 DAP and 7 DAP, respectively. When measured at two developmental phases - Stage 1, start of wilting and Stage 2, progression to senescence - all the floral organs from pollinated flowers had higher contents of total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, and free amino acids than those from unpollinated flowers. A corresponding increase was noted in the activities of hydrolytic enzymes, i.e., α-amylase, β-amylase, and invertase, and proteolytic enzymes (proteases) in those organs. This indicated that signals related to pollination had up-regulated those activities, leading to a breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones for mobilization. The amounts of sugars and enzyme activity were relatively greater in the pollinated flowers of A. multiflora compared with R. retusa, and levels were always higher in the floral lips and perianths. When inhibitors of auxin (0.25mM TIBA) or ethylene (0.25 mM AgNO3) were applied to the pollinated flowers, their senescence was partially prevented, thus signifying hormonal involvement in governing the pollination-induced biochemical alterations normally found in those organs.
( Nanda Lucky Prasetya ),( Muchtaruddin Mansyur ),( Andy Omega ),( Adam Prabata ),( Aghnia Permatasari ),( Ayudhia Kartika ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Diagnosing is a main verb in medicine. Diagnosis is set based on clinical reasoning. Factors contributing in clinical reasoning are clinical competency and other factors related with physician; sociodemographical factor and others related with patients; diagnostic facility and others related to health policy. Methods: This descriptive-analytic cross sectional research was done in 904 medical record of adult polyclinic patient, using proportional random sampling and chi square analysis to show how many disease could not be identifi ed, and what factors signifi cantly contribute. Results: Although Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital is a referral centre and national hospital, our research found that there is 5, 60% (n =51) of polyclinic cases are diagnosed as Unidentifi ed Disease (ICD10: R69), ranked at 4th after Senile Cataract, Hypertension, and DM Type 2. Their 84, 30% (n=43) are from Internal Medicine Department, mainly from Unspecifi ed Division (patient of more than one division or unmentioned) for 63% (n=27), and Pulmonology Division for 33% (n=14). At this research also, we were going to fi nd the connection between Unidentified Disease and one of the factors contributing in clinical reasoning: Sociodemographical Factors. The variables are age, gender, educational level, employment, and health insurance. We found no variable is signifi cantly related to Unidentifi ed Disease (all p>0, 05). Conclusions: Hence, the other factors beside Sociodemographical Factors have contribution to clinical reasoning that is set up to Unidentifi ed Disease: physician`s factors (clinical competency and others), diagnostic facility, and others. However, which one defi nitely contributing is still questionable as CM Hospital is educational hospital; have thousands of doctors consist of consultants, residents, and others; one of the most complete diagnostic facility in nation. Further research shall be done to defi ne this relatively big number of disease which still being unidentifi ed in national referral hospital.
Goh, Lucky Poh Wah,Chong, Eric Tzyy Jiann,Chua, Kek Heng,Chuah, Jitt Aun,Lee, Ping-Chin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17
CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism G-1259C (rs3813867) genotype distributions vary significantly among different populations and are associated with both diseases, like cancer, and adverse drug effects. To date, there have been limited genotype distributions and allele frequencies of this polymorphism reported in the three major indigenous ethnic groups (KadazanDusun, Bajau, and Rungus) in Sabah, also known as North Borneo. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of the CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism G-1259C in these three major indigenous peoples in Sabah. A total of 640 healthy individuals from the three dominant indigenous groups were recruited for this study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) at G-1259C polymorphic site of CYP2E1 gene was performed using the Pst I restriction enzyme. Fragments were analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis and confirmed by direct sequencing. Overall, the allele frequencies were 90.3% for c1 allele and 9.7% for c2 allele. The genotype frequencies for c1/c1, c1/c2 and c2/c2 were observed as 80.9%, 18.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. A highly statistical significant difference (p<0.001) was observed in the genotype distributions between indigenous groups in Sabah with all Asian and non-Asian populations. However, among these three indigenous groups, there was no statistical significant difference (p>0.001) in their genotype distributions. The three major indigenous ethnic groups in Sabah show unique genotype distributions when compared with other populations. This finding indicates the importance of establishing the genotype distributions of CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism in the indigenous populations.
LICENSING BEST-PRACTICES OF INDEPENDENT LUXURY BRANDS
Yves Lucky,Ivan Coste-Manière 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06
The world market for brands and licenses is constantly growing and represents a very interesting economic field. Brands are constantly being sold, and brand ownership may change often completely unbeknown to the majority of consumers. Brands are in fact held as any other assets, either by individuals or by companies, as part of their balance sheet (Lucky & Giliberti, 2013). A multiple case study of independent luxury companies enables us to identify the following best practices: 1) Perfume = Survival Most brands achieve a long lasting market penetration once they successfully move into the fragrancies. Every case study confirms the assumption. 2) Perfume + cosmetics = survival and success It seems that the perfume business and cosmetics in general are the main boosters for a brand to keep on growing and gain if not “top of mind” at least “aided awareness”. 3) Less licensees = more business! As strange as this can be, most luxury brands that have succeeded in keeping a remarkable growth have made the decision not to expand their number of licensees, but rather to dramatically diminish them, selecting, in most of the cases, main licensing categories like: 1- Perfumes and cosmetics 2- Watches 3- Eye glasses 4- Limited ranges of accessories The cases show that massive licensing may have brought very interesting revenues obtained “the easy way” by the brands owners, but have then started a decline in revenues due to many practical reasons: The brand loses its appeal by becoming seen just about everywhere and applied to any type of possible product. The brand simply becomes less exclusive and therefore less luxury. Cases like Saint Laurent (new name used instead of Yves Saint Laurent) in France or Valentino in Italy, clearly indicate that the brands managers have decided to concentrate their core business within a very limited number of licensees making sure that the brand orientation strictly reflects the identity chosen by the (new) owners. The most impressive example of extremely massive licensing tending to pull the brand out of the luxury market is without doubt the one of Pierre Cardin.