Effects of exposure to trace pyriproxyfen on the intestinal bacterial diversity and immune signal pathways of silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae

Lu Qingyu,Li Guoli,Lan Huangli,Yu Dongliang,Yin Xingcan,Yang Wenqi,Yang Zehao,He Chunhui,Mo Danmei,Xu Kaizun 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.2

Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a widely used lepidopteran model insect. Pyriproxyfen is an insect growth regulator (IGR) that can be used to control pests such as lepidoptera and diptera, and there is no research about its in fluence on the intestinal bacterial diversity and immune signal pathway of non-target lepidopteran insect larvae. In this study, we treated fifth-instar silkworms with trace pyriproxyfen (10 − 4 mg/L). The results showed that the abundance and diversity of silkworm larvae intestinal flora at the level of phylum, class, order, family and genus were all changed. The function prediction result showed that the functional changes mainly focused on tran scription, amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, signal transduction mechanisms, energy production and conversion et al. after exposure to trace pyriproxyfen. Furthermore, qRTPCR results showed that trace pyriproxyfen exposure activated the transcriptions of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) genes regulated by Toll and IMD pathways. This research can lay the foundation for the study on the resistance of lepidopteran insects to pyriproxyfen and other juvenile hormone pesticides.

Ambient noise surface wave tomography of Quaternary structures derived from a high-density array in the central Hebei Depression, North China

Qingyu Wu,Qiushneg Li,Xiangyun Hu,Zhanwu Lu,Wenhui Li,Xiaoran Wang 한국지질과학협의회 2023 Geosciences Journal Vol.27 No.2

Internal structure imaging of the Earth, along with determining basin structure, can aid in evaluating potential seismic hazards. However, the high operating cost limits the current geophysical exploration methods; moreover, it is difficult to apply these techniques over a large area, which limits our understanding of the Quaternary structure and the development of earthquake prevention science. A combination of dense array observation technology and ambient noise surface wave tomography is being rapidly developed as a high-resolution urban detection method. Here, we report the ambient noise imaging results of a high-density array experiment. In the ambient noise surface wave tomography method (e.g., surface wave tomography; Eikonal tomography), the signal is assumed to be a single mode. However, several multimode signals were detected in this dataset. With the use of traditional methods to measure the dispersion, mode confusion occurs and the extracted dispersion curve jumps. To solve this problem, by combining the advantages of phase-matched filtering and dispersion compensation, we realized the automatic pickup of fundamental group velocity using reference phase velocity. From this, a Rayleigh wave group velocity map was obtained. The regional average phase velocity information was included in the inversion steps to reduce the uncertainty in the inversion of shear wave velocity. Finally, an S-wave velocity structure model was obtained within a depth of 500 m. The velocity structure was roughly layered and grew with depth. In the depth range of 240–320 m, obvious decreases in the S-wave velocity were observed. Compared with geothermal drilling data, this was speculated to be the reflection of a water-rich (confined water) sand layer. This study provides a technical approach for and a processing example of a high-density array, and its velocity model can be used as a reference for urban subsurface structure, underground space utilization, and earthquake disaster prevention and control.

Diurnal and Nocturnal Behaviour of Airborne Cryptomeria japonica Pollen Grains and the Allergenic Species in Urban Atmosphere of Saitama, Japan

Qingyue Wang,Shinichi Nakamura,Senlin Lu,Daisuke Nakajima,Miho suzuki,Kazuhiko Sekiguchi,Makoto Miwa 한국대기환경학회 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.2

Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollinosis is the most popular pollinosis in Japan. It has been reported that Cryptomeria japonica pollen allergenic species are suspended as fine particles in the urban atmosphere. These allergenic fine particles are responsible for inducing asthma by breaking into the lower respiratory tract. It has also been found that pollinosis symptoms on the sufferers appear mainly at night-time by the results from epidemiological studies. However, the exact reason for these phenomena is not yet clarified. In this study, the diurnal and nocturnal behaviours of Cryptomeria japonica pollen grains and their allergenic species in the urban area of Saitama city of Kanto Plain were investigated. Airborne pollen grains and allergenic Cry j 1 concentrations in total suspended particulate matter (TSP)were investigated at two sampling sites, a heavy traffic road (roadside site) and at the balcony of the 10th floor of the Building of Research and Project of Saitama University (general urban site). The latter sampling site where located about 300 m away from the roadside site was used as a general urban site unaffected by automobile traffic. The airborne pollen counts were measured with a real-time pollen monitor. Cry j 1 particles were collected with two high volume air samplers, and these concentrations were measured by surface plasmon resonance method with a Biacore J system. The diurnal variation of the airborne pollen counts was similar to the trends of temperature and wind speed during the day-time;whereas its tendency with wind speed trend was not observed during the night-time. Airborne pollen counts were lower with northern wind than with southern wind because the pollen comes from the mountainous areas, and the mountains in the south are closer, about half the distance to the northern mountains. It is suggested that the peaks of airborne pollen counts during night-time in the sampling site occurred by transport of pollen grains released during day-time in the mountainous forest areas, located c.a. 100 km away from the sampling site. On the roadside site the allergenic Cry j 1 concentrations were higher than at the general urban site, nevertheless pollen grains counts were lower. These results suggested that worsening of pollinosis symptoms during nighttime in urban area was caused by transport of pollen grains during day-time in the mountainous forest areas. Moreover, pollen allergenic species become different morphology from pollen grain at roadside site, and the subsequent pollen grains re-suspension by automobile traffic.

Characterization of the Physical Form of Allergenic Cry j 1 in the Urban Atmosphere and Determination of Cry j 1 Denaturation by Air Pollutants

Qingyue Wang,Jun Morita,Xiumin Gong,Shinichi Nakamura,Miho Suzuki,Senlin Lu,Kazuhiko Sekiguchi,Takuya Nakajima,Daisuke Nakajima,Makoto Miwa 한국대기환경학회 2012 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.6 No.1

In this study, we characterized the physical form of allergenic Cry j 1 in the urban atmosphere. Through an immunofluorescence antibody method, we showed that allergenic Cry j 1 exists as fine particles (‹1.1μm). To determine Cry j 1 concentrations and its particle size distribution, we used the ELISA method to confirm that most Cry j 1 exists as fine particles in the urban atmosphere and is found at high concentrations on fine day next to rainy day. Furthermore,we evaluated Cry j 1 denaturation by using the Biacore J system based on the surface plasmon resonence (SPR) principle and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). We showed that the dissociation constant (KD) of Cry j 1 that has been exposed to urban polluted air is lower (1.76×10-14 M) than that of Cry j 1 (1.32×10-9-3.37×10-9 M) of original pollen grains that has not been exposed to air pollutants. Cry j 1 turns into low molecular weight proteins by reacting with various acidic solutions. In sum, we showed that allergenic Cry j 1exists as fine particles that can deposit in the lower respiratory tract. This finding clarifies the relationship between Japanese cedar pollinosis and air pollutants.

Size-segregated Allergenic Particles Released from Airborne Cryptomeria japonica Pollen Grains during the Yellow Sand Events within the Pollen Scattering Seasons

Qingyue Wang,Xiumin Gong,Miho Suzuki,Senlin Lu,Kazuhiko Sekiguchi,Daisuke Nakajima,Makoto Miwa 한국대기환경학회 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.4

Cryptomeria japonica pollen is the most common pollen,which are scattering during each spring season in Japan. Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollinosis is one of seasonal allergic rhinitis that mainly occurs in Japan. In addition, long range transportation of Yellow Sand from the East Asian continent was also found during the pollen scattering seasons in Japan. Therefore, the interaction or impact between pollen and Yellow Sand should be concerned. In this study, our objective was to investigate the airborne behaviour of Cryptomeria japonica pollen grains and its size-segregated allergenic (Cry j 1)particles as the airborne tracer of Cryptomeria japonica pollen during the Yellow Sand events. Airborne Cryptomeria japonica pollen grains and its size-segregated allergenic particles were collected at roadside of urban residential zones of Saitama city during the pollination periods from February to March in two year investigation of 2009 and 2010. The overlap of Yellow Sand events and dispersal peak of pollen grains was observed. According to the Meteorological data,we found that the peaks of airborne pollen grains appeared under higher wind speed and temperature than the previous day. It was thought that Yellow Sand events and airborne pollen counts were related to wind speed. From the investigation of the airborne behavior of the size-segregated allergen particles by determining Cry j 1 with Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), the higher concentrations of the allergenic Cry j 1 were detected in particle size equal to or less than 1.1 μm(PM1.1) than other particle sizes during Yellow Sand events, especially in the rainy day. We conclude that rainwater trapping Yellow Sand is one of the important factors that affect the release of allergenic pollen species of Cry j 1. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the relationships between Cryptomeria japonica pollen allergenic species and chemical contents of the Yellow Sand particles in further studies.

Diurnal and Nocturnal Behaviour of Airborne Cryptomeria japonica Pollen Grains and the Allergenic Species in Urban Atmosphere of Saitama, Japan

Wang, Qingyue,Nakamura, Shinichi,Lu, Senlin,Nakajima, Daisuke,Suzuki, Miho,Sekiguchi, Kazuhiko,Miwa, Makoto Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.2

Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollinosis is the most popular pollinosis in Japan. It has been reported that Cryptomeria japonica pollen allergenic species are suspended as fine particles in the urban atmosphere. These allergenic fine particles are responsible for inducing asthma by breaking into the lower respiratory tract. It has also been found that pollinosis symptoms on the sufferers appear mainly at night-time by the results from epidemiological studies. However, the exact reason for these phenomena is not yet clarified. In this study, the diurnal and nocturnal behaviours of Cryptomeria japonica pollen grains and their allergenic species in the urban area of Saitama city of Kanto Plain were investigated. Airborne pollen grains and allergenic Cry j 1 concentrations in total suspended particulate matter (TSP) were investigated at two sampling sites, a heavy traffic road (roadside site) and at the balcony of the $10^{th}$ floor of the Building of Research and Project of Saitama University (general urban site). The latter sampling site where located about 300 m away from the roadside site was used as a general urban site unaffected by automobile traffic. The airborne pollen counts were measured with a real-time pollen monitor. Cry j 1 particles were collected with two high volume air samplers, and these concentrations were measured by surface plasmon resonance method with a Biacore J system. The diurnal variation of the airborne pollen counts was similar to the trends of temperature and wind speed during the day-time; whereas its tendency with wind speed trend was not observed during the night-time. Airborne pollen counts were lower with northern wind than with southern wind because the pollen comes from the mountainous areas, and the mountains in the south are closer, about half the distance to the northern mountains. It is suggested that the peaks of airborne pollen counts during night-time in the sampling site occurred by transport of pollen grains released during day-time in the mountainous forest areas, located c.a. 100 km away from the sampling site. On the roadside site the allergenic Cry j 1 concentrations were higher than at the general urban site, nevertheless pollen grains counts were lower. These results suggested that worsening of pollinosis symptoms during night-time in urban area was caused by transport of pollen grains during day-time in the mountainous forest areas. Moreover, pollen allergenic species become different morphology from pollen grain at roadside site, and the subsequent pollen grains re-suspension by automobile traffic.

Preliminary characterization and probabilistic risk assessment of microplastics and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in garri (cassava flake), a common staple food consumed in West Africa

Christian Ebere Enyoh,Qingyue Wang,Mominul Haque Rabin,Rasheed Oluwafemi Bakare,Joseph Longji Dadiel,Wu Shangrong,Senlin Lu,Ifenna Ilechukwu 환경독성보건학회 2023 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.38 No.1