http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Thin, Thazin,Myat, Lin,Ryu, Gi-Hyung The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2016 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.21 No.3
The effects of $CO_2$ injection and barrel temperatures on the physiochemical and antioxidant properties of extruded cereals (sorghum, barley, oats, and millet) were studied. Extrusion was carried out using a twin-screw extruder at different barrel temperatures (80, 110, and $140^{\circ}C$), $CO_2$ injection (0 and 500 mL/min), screw speed of 200 rpm, and moisture content of 25%. Extrusion significantly increased the total flavonoid content (TFC) of extruded oats, and ${\beta}$-glucan and protein digestibility (PD) of extruded barley and oats. In contrast, there were significant reductions in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, PD of extruded sorghum and millet, as well as resistant starch (RS) of extruded sorghum and barley, and total phenolic content (TPC) of all extrudates, except extruded millet. At a barrel temperature of $140^{\circ}C$, TPC in extruded barley was significantly increased, and there was also an increase in DPPH and PD in extruded millet with or without $CO_2$ injection. In contrast, at a barrel temperature of $140^{\circ}C$, the TPC of extruded sorghum decreased, TFC of extruded oats decreased, and at a barrel temperature of $110^{\circ}C$, PD of extruded sorghum without $CO_2$ decreased. Some physical properties [expansion ratio (ER), specific length, piece density, color, and water absorption index] of the extrudates were significantly affected by the increase in barrel temperature. The $CO_2$ injection significantly affected some physical properties (ER, specific length, piece density, water solubility index, and water absorption index), TPC, DPPH, ${\beta}$-glucan, and PD. In conclusion, extruded barley and millet had higher potential for making value added cereal-based foods than the other cereals.
Thazin Thin,Lin Myat,Gi-Hyung Ryu 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.21 No.3
The effects of CO₂ injection and barrel temperatures on the physiochemical and antioxidant properties of extruded cereals (sorghum, barley, oats, and millet) were studied. Extrusion was carried out using a twin-screw extruder at different barrel temperatures (80, 110, and 140°C), CO₂ injection (0 and 500 mL/min), screw speed of 200 rpm, and moisture content of 25%. Extrusion significantly increased the total flavonoid content (TFC) of extruded oats, and β-glucan and protein digestibility (PD) of extruded barley and oats. In contrast, there were significant reductions in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, PD of extruded sorghum and millet, as well as resistant starch (RS) of extruded sorghum and barley, and total phenolic content (TPC) of all extrudates, except extruded millet. At a barrel temperature of 140°C, TPC in extruded barley was significantly increased, and there was also an increase in DPPH and PD in extruded millet with or without CO₂ injection. In contrast, at a barrel temperature of 140°C, the TPC of extruded sorghum decreased, TFC of extruded oats decreased, and at a barrel temperature of 110°C, PD of extruded sorghum without CO₂ decreased. Some physical properties [expansion ratio (ER), specific length, piece density, color, and water absorption index] of the extrudates were significantly affected by the increase in barrel temperature. The CO₂ injection significantly affected some physical properties (ER, specific length, piece density, water solubility index, and water absorption index), TPC, DPPH, β-glucan, and PD. In conclusion, extruded barley and millet had higher potential for making value added cereal-based foods than the other cereals.
Thangada, Shobha,Khanna, Kamal M.,Blaho, Victoria A.,Oo, Myat Lin,Im, Dong-Soon,Guo, Caiying,Lefrancois, Leo,Hla, Timothy The Rockefeller University Press 2010 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.207 No.7
<P>The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P<SUB>1</SUB>) promotes lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs. Previous work showed that agonist-induced internalization of this G protein–coupled receptor correlates with inhibition of lymphocyte egress and results in lymphopenia. However, it is unclear if S1P<SUB>1</SUB> internalization is necessary for this effect. We characterize a knockin mouse (<I>S1p1r<SUP>S5A/S5A</SUP></I>) in which the C-terminal serine-rich S1P<SUB>1</SUB> motif, which is important for S1P<SUB>1</SUB> internalization but dispensable for S1P<SUB>1</SUB> signaling, is mutated. T cells expressing the mutant S1P<SUB>1</SUB> showed delayed S1P<SUB>1</SUB> internalization and defective desensitization after agonist stimulation. Mutant mice exhibited significantly delayed lymphopenia after S1P<SUB>1</SUB> agonist administration or disruption of the vascular S1P gradient. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that mutant S1P<SUB>1</SUB> expression in lymphocytes, rather than endothelial cells, facilitated this delay in lymphopenia. Thus, cell-surface residency of S1P<SUB>1</SUB> on T cells is a primary determinant of lymphocyte egress kinetics in vivo.</P>