Study on mechanism of macro failure and micro fracture of local nearly horizontal stratum in super-large section and deep buried tunnel

Li, Shu-cai,Wang, Jian-hua,Chen, Wei-zhong,Li, Li-ping,Zhang, Qian-qing,He, Peng Techno-Press 2016 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.11 No.2

The stability of surrounding rock will be poor when the tunnel is excavated through nearly horizontal stratum. In this paper, the instability mechanism of local nearly horizontal stratum in super-large section and deep buried tunnel is revealed by the analysis of the macro failure and micro fracture. A structural model is proposed to explain the mechanics of surrounding rock collapse under the action of stress redistribution and shed light on the macroscopic analytical approach of the stability of surrounding rock. Then, some highly effective formulas applied in the tunnel engineering are developed according to the theory of mixed-mode micro fracture. And well-documented field case is made to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed analytical methods of mixed-mode fracture. Meanwhile, in order to make the more accurate judgment about yield failure of rock mass, a series of comprehensive failure criteria are formed. In addition, the relationship between the nonlinear failure criterion and $K_I$ and $K_{II}$ of micro fracture is established to make the surrounding rock failure criterion more comprehensive and accurate. Further, the influence of the parameters related to the tension-shear mixed-mode fracture and compression-shear mixed-mode fracture on the propagation of rock crack is analyzed. Results show that ${\sigma}_3$ changes linearly with the change of ${\sigma}_1$. And the change rate is related to ${\beta}$, angle between the cracks and ${\sigma}_1$. The proposed simple analytical approach is economical and efficient, and suitable for the analysis of local nearly horizontal stratum in super-large section and deep buried tunnel.

Numerical analysis and fluid-solid coupling model test of filling-type fracture water inrush and mud gush

Li, Li-Ping,Chen, Di-Yang,Li, Shu-Cai,Shi, Shao-Shuai,Zhang, Ming-Guang,Liu, Hong-Liang Techno-Press 2017 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.13 No.6

The geological conditions surrounding the Jijiapo Tunnel of the Three Gorges Fanba Highway project in Hubei Province are very complex. In this paper, a 3-D physical model was carried out to study the evolution process of filling-type fracture water inrush and mud gush based on the conditions of the section located between 16.040 km and 16.042 km of the Jijiapo Tunnel. The 3-D physical model was conducted to clarify the effect of the self-weight of the groundwater level and tunnel excavation during water inrush and mud gush. The results of the displacement, stress and seepage pressure of fracture and surrounding rock in the physical model were analyzed. In the physical model the results of the model test show that the rock displacement suddenly jumped after sustainable growth, rock stress and rock seepage suddenly decreased after continuous growth before water inrushing. Once water inrush occured, internal displacement of filler increased successively from bottom up, stress and seepage pressure of filler droped successively from bottom up, which presented as water inrush and mud gush of filling-type fracture was a evolving process from bottom up. The numerical study was compared with the model test to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the results of the model test.

Risk assessment of water inrush in karst tunnels based on a modified grey evaluation model: Sample as Shangjiawan Tunnel

Yuan, Yong-cai,Li, Shu-cai,Zhang, Qian-qing,Li, Li-ping,Shi, Shao-shuai,Zhou, Zong-qing Techno-Press 2016 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.11 No.4

A modified grey clustering method is presented to systematically evaluate the risk of water inrush in karst tunnels. Based on the center triangle whitenization weight function and upper and lower limit measure whitenization weight function, the modified grey evaluation model doesn't have the crossing properties of grey cluster and meets the standard well. By adsorbing and integrating the previous research results, seven influence factors are selected as evaluation indexes. A couple of evaluation indexes are modified and quantitatively graded according to four risk grades through expert evaluation method. The weights of evaluation indexes are rationally distributed by the comprehensive assignment method. It is integrated by the subjective factors and the objective factors. Subjective weight is given based on analytical hierarchy process, and objective weight obtained from simple dependent function. The modified grey evaluation model is validated by Jigongling Tunnel. Finally, the water inrush risk of Shangjiawan Tunnel is evaluated by using the established model, and the evaluation result obtained from the proposed method is agrees well with practical situation. This risk assessment methodology provides a powerful tool with which planners and engineers can systematically assess the risk of water inrush in karst tunnels.

Risk Factors for Early and Late Intrahepatic Recurrence in Patients with Single Hepatocellular Carcinoma Without Macrovascular Invasion after Curative Resection

Li, Shu-Hong,Guo, Zhi-Xing,Xiao, Cheng-Zuo,Wei, Wei,Shi, Ming,Chen, Zhi-Yuan,Cai, Mu-Yan,Zheng, Lie,Guo, Rong-Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8

Background: Prognostic factors of postoperative early and late recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing curative resection remain to be clarified. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for postoperative early (${\leq}$ 2 year) and late (> 2 year) intrahepatic recurrences in patients with single HCCs without macrovascular invasion. Methods: A total of 280 patients from December 2004 to December 2007 were retrospectively included in this study. Intrahepatic recurrence was classified into early (${\leq}$ 2 year) and late (> 2 year) and the Chi-Square test or Fisher's exact test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to determine significant risk factors. Results: During the follow-up, 124 patients had intrahepatic recurrence, early and late in 82 and 42 patients, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that microvascular invasion (p=0.006, HR: 2.397, 95% CI: 1.290-4.451) was the only independent risk factor for early recurrence, while being female (p = 0.031, HR: 0.326, 95% CI: 0.118-0.901), and having a high degree of cirrhosis (P=0.001, HR: 2.483, 95% CI: 1.417-4.349) were independent risk factors for late recurrence. Conclusions: Early and late recurrence of HCC is linked to different risk factors in patients with single HCC without macrovascular invasion. This results suggested different emphases of strategies for prevent of recurrence after curative resection, more active intervention including adjuvant therapy, anti-cirrhosis drugs and careful follow-up being necessary for patients with relevant risk factors.

Evolution of ALPPS: The Simpler, Safer and Effective One---TELPP

( Shu You Peng ),( Xu An Wang ),( Cong Yun Huang ),( You Yong Zhang ),( Jiang Tao Li ),( De Fei Hong ),( Xiu Jun Cai ),( Yi Fang Wang ),( Xiao Liang ),( Jian Wei Wang ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: The characteristic of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS) carries high mortality and morbidity. There is room for improvement. We suggest Terminal Branches Portal Vein Embolization (TBPVE) as a way to compart the liver. As a result, only a single surgical operation is required.This method is termed Terminal branches portal vein Embolization Liver Partition Planned hepatectomy (TELPP). Methods: Patients with unresectable primary or metastatic liver tumor were performed with TELPP. The procedure of TELPP was that in addition to PVE, embolization agent was infused to the terminal branches of portal vein of S5,S8 or S4. CT scan was taken one or two weeks later, and standard liver volume(SLV), FLR and FLR/SLV are calculated. Two weeks later when the FLR and liver function is appropriate, open or laparoscopic hepatectomy is performed. Results: The study included 11patients including hepatocellular carcinoma: n =8, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: n = 1, hilarcholangiocarcinoma: n =1, colorectal liver metastasis: n =1. After a waiting period of 14 days, the volume of theFLR had increased from 382mlto 578ml, representing a median volume increase of 51% (range =32.5%-86.7%). Of the 11patients with hepatectomy, right hemihepatectomy (n=2), extended right hemihepatectomy (n=5), right trisecmentectomy(2), extended left hemihepatectomy (n=1) and left trisecmentectomy(1). No patient died, and no serve perioperative morbidity occurred. Conclusions: ALPPS and all modifications need two-stage operations with a high morbidity and mortality rate. It seems that TELPP is very promising. It has the merit of ALPPS as extraordinarily rapid increasement of FLRvolume, yet the morbidity and mortality is much lower, owing to the fact that unlike ALPPS, there is no two liver raw surfaces left behind in the abdominal cavity to produce bile leak, as only single surgical operation is required

Long non-coding RNAs in Sus scrofa ileum under starvation stress

Wang Shu,Ma Yi Jia,Li Yong Shi,Ge Xu Sheng,Lu Chang,Cai Chunbo,Yang Yang,Zhao Yan,Liang Guo Ming,Guo Xiaohong,Cao Guoqing,Li Bugao,Gao Pengfei 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.7

Objective: In this study, we aimed to identify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that play important roles in starvation stress, analyze their functions, and discover potential molecular targets to alleviate starvation stress to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent in-depth research. Methods: We generated a piglet starvation stress animal model. Nine Yorkshire weaned piglets were randomly divided into a long-term starvation stress group (starved for 72 h), short-term starvation stress group (starved for 48 h), and the control group. LncRNA libraries were constructed using high-throughput sequencing of piglet ileums. Results: We obtained 11,792 lncRNAs, among which, 2,500 lncRNAs were novel. In total, 509 differentially expressed (DE)lncRNAs were identified in this study. Target genes of DElncRNAs were predicted via cis and trans interactions, and functional and pathway analyses were performed. Gene ontology functions and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis revealed that lncRNA-targeted genes mainly participated in metabolic pathways, cellular processes, immune system processes, digestive systems, and transport activities. To reveal the mechanism underlying starvation stress, the interaction network between lncRNAs and their targets was constructed based on 26 DElncRNAs and 72 DEmRNAs. We performed an interaction network analysis of 121 DElncRNA–DEmRNA pairs with a Pearson correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. Conclusion: We found that MSTRG.19894.13, MSTRG.16726.3, and MSTRG.12176.1 might play important roles in starvation stress. This study not only generated a library of enriched lncRNAs in piglets, but its outcomes also provide a strong foundation to screen key lncRNAs involved in starvation stress and a reference for subsequent in-depth research. Objective: In this study, we aimed to identify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that play important roles in starvation stress, analyze their functions, and discover potential molecular targets to alleviate starvation stress to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent in-depth research.Methods: We generated a piglet starvation stress animal model. Nine Yorkshire weaned piglets were randomly divided into a long-term starvation stress group (starved for 72 h), short-term starvation stress group (starved for 48 h), and the control group. LncRNA libraries were constructed using high-throughput sequencing of piglet ileums.Results: We obtained 11,792 lncRNAs, among which, 2,500 lncRNAs were novel. In total, 509 differentially expressed (DE)lncRNAs were identified in this study. Target genes of DElncRNAs were predicted via cis and trans interactions, and functional and pathway analyses were performed. Gene ontology functions and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis revealed that lncRNA-targeted genes mainly participated in metabolic pathways, cellular processes, immune system processes, digestive systems, and transport activities. To reveal the mechanism underlying starvation stress, the interaction network between lncRNAs and their targets was constructed based on 26 DElncRNAs and 72 DEmRNAs. We performed an interaction network analysis of 121 DElncRNA–DEmRNA pairs with a Pearson correlation coefficient greater than 0.99.Conclusion: We found that MSTRG.19894.13, MSTRG.16726.3, and MSTRG.12176.1 might play important roles in starvation stress. This study not only generated a library of enriched lncRNAs in piglets, but its outcomes also provide a strong foundation to screen key lncRNAs involved in starvation stress and a reference for subsequent in-depth research.

Prognostic Impact of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E and P53 on Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours

Liu, Shu-Zheng,Zhang, Fang,Chang, Yu-Xi,Ma, Jie,Li, Xu,Li, Xiao-Hong,Fan, Jin-Hu,Duan, Guang-Cai,Sun, Xi-Bin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.1

Conventional classifications of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) are rather unsatisfactory because of the variation in survival within each subgroup. Molecular markers are being found able to predict patient outcome in more and more tumours. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of the proteins cyclin D1, cyclin E and P53 in GEP-NETs and assess any prognostic impact. Tumor specimens from 68 patients with a complete follow-up were studied immunohistochemically for cyclin D1, cyclin E and P53 expression. High cyclin D1 and cyclin E immunostaining (${\geq}$ 5% positive nuclei) was found in 48 (71%) and 24 (35%) cases, and high P53 staining (${\geq}$ 10% positive nuclei) in 33 (49%). High expression of P53 was more common in gastric neuroendocrine tumors and related to malignant behavior, being associate with a worse prognosis on univariate analysis (RR=1.9, 95%CI=1.1-3.2). High expression of cyclin E was significantly associated with shorter survival in the univariate analysis (RR=2.0, 95%CI=1.2-3.6) and multivariate analysis (RR=2.1, 95%CI=1.1-4.0). We found no significant correlation between the expression of cyclin D1 and any clinicopathological variables. Our study indicated a prognostic relevance for cyclin E and P53 immunoreactivity. Cyclin E may be an independent prognostic factor from the 2010 WHO Classification which should be evaluated in further studies.

The establishment of IB-SEM numerical method and verification of fluid-solid interaction

Wang, Jing,Li, Shu-cai,Mao, Xuerui,Li, Li-ping,Shi, Shao-shuai,Zhou, Zong-qing Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.15 No.6

The interaction between particles and fluid was investigated by IB-SEM numerical method which is a combination of combing the spectral/hp element method and the rigid immersed boundary method. The accuracy of this numerical method was verified based on the computed results with the traditional body-fitted mesh in numerical simulation of the flow through the cylinder. Then the governing equations of particles motion and contact in fluid are constructed. The movement of the particles and the interaction between the fluid and the particles are investigated. This method avoided the problem of low computational efficiency and error caused by the re-division of the grid when the solids moved. Finally, the movement simulation of multi particles in the fluid was carried out, which can provide a completely new numerical simulation method.

The type II histidine triad protein HtpsC facilitates invasion of epithelial cells by highly virulent Streptococcus suis serotype 2

Lu Yunjun,Li Shu,Shen Xiaodong,Zhao Yan,Zhou Dongming,Hu Dan,Cai Xushen,Lu Lixia,Xiong Xiaohui,Li Ming,Cao Min 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.10

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) is an important zoonotic pathogen that presents a significant threat both to pigs and to workers in the pork industry. The initial steps of S. suis 2 pathogenesis are unclear. In this study, we found that the type II histidine triad protein HtpsC from the highly virulent Chinese isolate 05ZYH33 is structurally similar to internalin A (InlA) from Listeria monocytogenes, which plays an important role in mediating listerial invasion of epithelial cells. To determine if HtpsC and InlA function similarly, an isogenic htpsC mutant (ΔhtpsC) was generated in S. suis by homologous recombination. The htpsC deletion strain exhibited a diminished ability to adhere to and invade epithelial cells from different sources. Double immunofluorescence microscopy also revealed reduced survival of the ΔhtpsC mutant after cocultivation with epithelium. Adhesion to epithelium and invasion by the wild type strain was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody against E-cadherin. In contrast, the htpsC-deficient mutant was unaffected by the same treatment, suggesting that E-cadherin is the host-cell receptor that interacts with HtpsC and facilitates bacterial internalization. Based on these results, we propose that HtpsC is involved in the process by which S. suis 2 penetrates host epithelial cells, and that this protein is an important virulence factor associated with cell adhesion and invasion.

Influence of fracture characters on flow distribution under different Reynold numbers

Wang, Jing,Li, Shu-Cai,Li, Li-Ping,Gao, Cheng-Lu Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.14 No.2

Water inrush through the destruction of water resisting rock mass structure was divided into direct water inrush, key block water inrush and splitting water inrush. In the direct water inrush, the Reynolds numbers has a significant effect on the distribution of the water flow and vortex occurred in the large Reynolds numbers. The permeability coefficient of the fracture is much larger than the rock, and the difference is between 104 and 107 times. The traditional theory and methods are not considering the effect of inertia force. In the position of the cross fracture, the distribution of water flow can only be linearly distributed according to the fracture opening degree. With the increase of Reynolds number, the relationship between water flow distribution and fracture opening is studied by Semtex.