수학자 이상설이 소개한 근대자연과학: <식물학(植物學)>

박영민 ( Young Min Park ),김채식 ( Chae Sik Kim ),이상구 ( Sang Gu Lee ),이재화 ( Jae Hwa Lee ) 한국수학교육학회 2011 수학교육논문집 Vol.25 No.2

본 원고는 2004년 과학사학자 박성래 교수가 독립 운동가이자 한국 근대 수학교육의 아버지로 부르기 시작한 보재 이상설(李相卨, 1870-1917)이 자연과학에 기여한 내용을 다루고 있다. 한국수학사학회지 2009년 11월 호에 자세히 소개된 〈數理〉를 쓴 시기를 전후하여, 같은 시기에 이상설이 붓으로 쓴 것으로 여겨지는 〈植物學>(이상설, 1899)은 총 4면의 초록 필사본이며, 그 대본(臺本)은 〈植物學啓蒙〉 (Edkins, 1886)으로 영국의 Joseph Edkins(艾約瑟, 1823-1905)가 번역하여 1886년에 간행한 〈西學啓蒙〉 16종 가운데 하나이다. 이상설의 〈植物學>은 이 〈植物學啓蒙〉을 읽으면서 그 책의 내용 중 당시의 조 선 학자가 모르고 있던 새로운 내용을 중심으로 메모를 한 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구에서는 전통산학과 근대서양수학을 연결하는 〈數理〉를 저술했으며. 우리나라의 정규 교과과정에 수학과 과학을 필수과목으로 지정하고, 첫 번째 수학교과서 〈산術新書〉를 발간함으로 당대 최고의 수학자로 평가된 이상설이 쓴 〈植物學〉을 발굴하여 그 내용과 의미를 최초로 분석한다, 이를 통하여 당시 조선의 서양 과학, 특히 식물학에 대한 이해 수준을 분석하고 〈植物學〉의 원전인 〈植物學啓蒙〉 과 <西學啓蒙〉의 저자에 대하여 알아본다. 이는 당시 수학교육자가 자연과학분야에 행한 교육적 기여를 이해 하는데 필수적인 연구이다. This paper deals with contents that Sang-Seol Lee contributed to the natural science in the 19th century Korea. Prof. Sung-Rae Park, the science historian, called Sang-Seol Lee Father of the Modern Mathematics education of Korea. Sang-Seol Lee wrote a manuscript Botany with a brush in late 19th century. Botany was transcribed from Science Primers: Botany (written by J. D. Hooker), which is translated into Chinese by Joseph Edkins in 1886. The existence of Sang-Seol Lee`s book Botany was not known to Korean scientists before. In this paper, we study the contents of Botany and its original text. Also we analyze people`s level of understanding Western sciences, especially botany at that time. In addition, we study authors of 16 Primers for Western Knowledge. We study the contribution of mathematician Sang-Seol Lee to science education in the 19th century Korea.

Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

Anatomical distribution and detection rate of colorectal neoplasms according to age in the colonoscopic screening of a Korean population

Lee, Suk-young,Song, Wan Hee,Oh, Sang Cheul,Min, Byung-Wook,Lee, Sun Il The Korean Surgical Society 2018 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.94 No.1

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Because data as a basis for the determination of proper age and modality for screening of colorectal neoplasms is lacking, we evaluated detection rates and anatomical distribution of colorectal neoplasms according to age in healthy individuals who underwent total colonoscopy for health checkup.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A total of 16,100 cases that had received the colonoscopic examination from January to December in 2014 were analyzed. The total number of individuals who received total colonoscopy were divided by the number of individuals harboring colorectal adenoma to calculate the detection rate of colorectal adenoma. Individuals ≤50 years old were classified as young-age group and aged >50 were old-age group. Differences in anatomical locations of colorectal neoplasms were analyzed in the 2 age groups by chi-square test. Risk factors for colorectal adenoma in each age group were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Detection rates of colorectal adenoma were 13.7% in all cases and 12.8% for those in their 40′s. The main anatomical location of colorectal adenoma was proximal colon in both age groups (P < 0.001). Hyperplastic polyp was mainly distributed to the distal colon in both age groups (P < 0.001). Distal colon was the major site for colorectal cancer in the old-age group (P = 0.001). Proximal location of neoplasms was a risk factor for colorectal adenoma in both age groups with multivariate analysis.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>These data could be the bases for earlier initiation of screening for colorectal neoplasms with total colonoscopy to detect clinically significant colorectal polyps.</P>

Effect of Ultrasound on the Properties of Biodegradable Polymer Blends of Poly(lactic acid) with Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)

Lee, Sang-Mook,Lee, Young-Joo,Lee, Jae-Wook The Polymer Society of Korea 2007 Macromolecular Research Vol.15 No.1

This study investigated the effect of ultrasound irradiation on the blend of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). The blends of PLA/PBAT(50/50) (PBAT50) were prepared in a melt mixer with an ultrasonic device attached. Thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties, morphology, and biodegradability of the sonicated blends were analysed. The viscosity of the sonicated blends was increased by the ultrasound irradiation owing to the strong interaction. The morphology of the sonicated blends was significantly dependent on the duration o the ultrasound irradiation. For PBAT50, the phase size reduction was maximized when the blends were ultrasonically irradiated for 30 sec. At longer duration of ultrasound irradiation, the PBAT phase underwent flocculation. Measurement of the tensile properties showed an increased breakage tensile stress and an enhanced Young's modulus when the blends were properly irradiated. This improvement was ascribed to better adhesion between the PLA matrix and the PBAT domain and to better dispersion of the PBAT phase. However, the tensile properties were maximized after excessive energy irradiation, which was ascribed to an emulsifying effect leading to coalescence of the PBAT phase. Impact strength was increased to reach a peak with the ultrasound irradiation, and was higher than the untreated sample for all sonicated samples due to the difference of failure mechanism between the tensile test and the impact test.

Effect of Mn and C on Age Hardening of Fe–Mn–Al–C Lightweight Steels

Sung‑Won Park,Jun Young Park,Kyong Mox Cho,Jae Hoon Jang,Seong‑Jun Park,Joonoh Moon,Tae‑Ho Lee,Jong‑Ho Shin 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.3

The effects of Mn and C content on the age hardening of Fe–Mn–Al–C lightweight steels, which have austenitic or duplex(austenite and ferrite) microstructures, were investigated. An increase in Mn content induced a delay of the age hardeningthat is caused by the formation of intra-granular κ-carbides. In order to interpret the effect of Mn content, first-principlescalculations were conducted using the supercells of Fe24Al8C8,Fe24Al8C7,Fe24(Al7Mn)C8, and Fe24(Al7Mn)C7. The calculationsshowed that an increase in Mn content could be the source of the delay of the intra-granular κ-carbide formation bysuppressing C atom’ occupation of the vacancy at the body-centered site of L12. An increase in C content accelerated theformation of intra-granular κ-carbides, which induced the intense age hardening, and coarse inter-granular κ-carbides, whichresulted in significant decrease in impact absorbed energy due to inter-granular fracture.

Contribution of stress and coping strategies to problematic Internet use in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Lee, Ju-Yeon,Chung, Young-Chul,Song, Je-Heon,Lee, Yo-Han,Kim, Jae-Min,Shin, Il-Seon,Yoon, Jin-Sang,Kim, Sung-Wan Elsevier 2018 Comprehensive psychiatry Vol.87 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Introduction</B></P> <P>Internet use is already high and increasing rapidly among people with psychotic disorders, but there have been few studies on problematic Internet use (PIU) among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of PIU and identify the factors associated with PIU among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A cross-sectional survey was performed that included 368 outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: 317 with schizophrenia, 22 with schizoaffective disorder, 9 with schizophreniform disorder, and 20 with other schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders. The severity of psychotic symptoms and levels of personal and social functioning were assessed by the Clinician-rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity (CRDPSS) scale and the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale, respectively. PIU was evaluated using Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Additionally, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Rosenberg Selfesteem Scale (RSES), and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) Inventory were administered.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>PIU was identified in 81 (22.0%) of the 368 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Subjects with PIU were significantly younger and more likely to be male. Scores on the HADS, PSS, and dysfunctional coping dimension of the Brief COPE Inventory were significantly higher, and RSES scores were significantly lower, in the PIU group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that PIU in patients was significantly associated with scores on the PSS and dysfunctional coping dimension of the Brief COPE Inventory.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and PIU were significantly more likely to have high levels of perceived stress and dysfunctional coping strategies. Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who also engage in PIU may benefit from interventions that help them to develop appropriate skills for coping with stress.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders showed a high prevalence (22.0%) of problematic internet use (PIU). </LI> <LI> High levels of perceived stress rather than psychopathology itself contributes to the development of PIU in stabilized patients with schizophrenia. </LI> <LI> Our results indicate that managing stress and developing coping strategies are important for the prevention of PIU among this group of patients. </LI> </UL> </P>

Korean Dictionaries and Some Model Dictionaries of the World : Critical Essays toward the Plan for a New Korean Dictionary

Lee, Sang Sup,Nam, Ki Shim,Ahn, Sam Huan,Choi, Young Ai,Hong, Chai Song 연세대학교 언어정보개발원 1988 사전편찬학 연구 Vol.1 No.1

After briefly reviewing the history of lexcoigraphy in modem Korea, Nam Kishim tackles many problems created by the general deficiency of current Korean monolingual dictionaries in phonological morphological and semantic points. For example, most Korean dictionaries do not treat such phonological changes as the shortening of the stem vowel ㅓ in 더운, the prenominal form of the adjective 덥다, whose stem vowel ㅓ is pronounced long. He also takes issue with the practice of Korean dictionaries of including all kinds of proper names on little reliable principles : a typical dictionary enters a 600m-high hill while excluding better-known mountains higher than that. Hong Chai-song concentrates on the often misguiding information on transitive / intransitive verbs in current dictionaries. For example, a representative dictionary designates the verb 뛰다 simply as intransitive. But it is quite often used as an transitive also. In the sentence, 철수는 운동장을 뛰었다, 운동장 is the object of the transitive verb 뛰다. How could the compilers miss such an obvious fact? Hong suggests that they may have not been interested in being grammatically informative. A historical survey of the Oxford English Dictionary(OED) is given by Lee Sang-sup, with special emphasis on the vast amount of quotations from real sources contributed by thousands of volunteer readers through several decades and on its unwavering historical principle. A comparison between the OED's definition of Kimchi and a Korean dictionary's 김치 is given, showing the difference of principle in treating the same lexical item. Ahn Sam-huan presents a detailed account of Grimm's Deutsches Wo¨rterbuch which took generations of German lexicographers 133 years from its inception to its completion in 1971. On the basis of his study, Ahn suggests that future dictionary makers should cooperate as a group on a long-range comprehensive project. A moltivolume dictionary is an all-important cultural event for the whole nation, not to be influenced by private commercial interests. Choi Young-ai's survey of Chinese lexicography highlights the now on-going publication of 漢語字典 and 漢語詞典, admirable results of the cooperative effort of hundreds of Chinese scholars, a modus operandi for the Yonsei University graze to adopt in planning a new dictionary of the Korean language.

The Influence of Anxiety and Dyadic Adjustment on Maternal–Fetal Attachment in High-Risk Pregnant Women

Sung–Hee Lee,Eun-Young Lee 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.9 No.12

Purpose: This study attempted using a descriptive survey to elucidate the influence of anxiety and dyadic adjustment on maternal–fetal attachment in high-risk pregnant women. Methods: The data used in this study were collected from March 3rd, 2015, to March 30th, 2015, and the participants were 118 pregnant women including those undergoing prenatal tests and those admitted to a delivery room in the obstetrics outpatient center of 3 university hospitals located in B, D, and Y after diagnosis with high-risk pregnancy during 20–38 weeks of gestation. Collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and stepwise regression analysis using the IBM SPSS 22.0 program. Results: The level of maternal–fetal attachment according to participants’ general and obstetric characteristics showed significant differences in history of childbirth, prenatal tests, and planned pregnancy. The factors that influenced maternal–fetal attachment were history of childbirth, prenatal tests, anxiety, and dyadic adjustment. Lower anxiety and high dyadic adjustment of high-risk pregnant women led to a high maternal–fetal attachment. Among them, anxiety was the factor with the greatest impact, explaining 20.5%. Conclusion: This study presents the need for development and application of prenatal nursing intervention to enhance maternal–fetal attachment by lowering anxiety through prenatal care in high-risk pregnant women and improving dyadic adjustment.

Resistive switching characteristic of Ce0.9Y0.1O2/ TiO2 bi‑layer structure by photochemical metal‑organic deposition

Sung‑Eun Kim,Jin-Gyu Lee,In-Young Choi,Ha-Eun Kim,Hong-Sub Lee 한국세라믹학회 2020 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.57 No.1

Sneak current is one of the main bottlenecks for dense crossbar array resistive random access memory. This study reports highly non-linear resistive switching characteristic from Ce0.9Y0.1O2/ TiO2 bi-layer (1S/1R device) structure, fabricated by photochemical metal-organic deposition, as a solution for sneak current issue. Ce0.9Y0.1O2 material, possessing oxygen vacancies, was used as a potential barrier as well as oxygen reservoir which rectified the current of low resistance state without an electrical breakdown in 1S/1R device. TiO2 was adopted for resistive switching property, and TiO2 layer having mixed phase (anatase and brookite) showed typical diode switching behavior. The photochemical reaction of photochemical metal-organic deposition process and phase formation were monitored and established using by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The 1S/1R device showed highly non-linear resistive switching characteristic, large on/ off ratio of above three orders of magnitude with low operating current.

Mechanical Characterization of Nano-Structured Materials Using Nanoindentation

( Ju Young Kim ),( Sung Hoon Kim ),( Jung Suk Lee ),( Kyung Woo Lee ),( Dong Il Kwon ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2006 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.12 No.3

The principal strengths of the nanoindentation technique, which is used extensively to measure the mechanical properties of nano/micro materials, are easy sample preparation and simple experimental method. Hardness and Young`s modulus are essential properties measured by nanoindentation; hardness corresponds to resistance to plastic deformation whereas Young`s modulus is related to elastic deformation. Two key difficulties arise in association with nanoindentation on small volumes: measurement accuracy and material response. Here we discuss the indentation size effect (ISE) considering tip bluntness and variation in hardness of nano-multilayers with a bilayer period, representative research on measurement improvement, and material response at nanoscales.