아동의 物活論的 思考에 관한 연구 : Piaget의 가설을 중심으로

李恩和,尹賢燮 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1976 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.28 No.-

This study was intended to investigate the Korean child's animism and to test Piaget's hypothesis with Huang-Lee's experimental tools. The experimental hypotheses in this study were: 1) Piagetian animism could be found in Korean children's mentality, and 2) Piaget's hypothesis could be proved not only by Russell-Dennis's tools but also by Huang Lee's. Russell and Dennis have proved Piaget's hypothesis and standardized the experimental procedures to test child's animism; however, M. Mead and Huang-Lee have denied the Piagetian animism in Manusian and Chinese children. Russel and Dennis have also suggested four developmental stages in child's animism. Twenty Korean children, aged between 4-7, were tested individually, the combined experimental procedures of Russell-Dennis and Huang-Lee being used, As a result, the first hypothesis in this study was positively confirmed only by Russell-Dennis's method. This means that the second hypothesis in this study was not confirmed. 90% of the Subjects in this study have had the concept of life or living, and did not regard inanimate objects as having characteristics of "feeling pain." It seems to us that the subjects in this study tend to make some cognitive continuity between their awareness of their living and the being of physical objects. In Piagetian terms, the subjects have not dissociated themselves from their physical and natural environment.

A sub-1-volt nanoelectromechanical switching device.

Lee, Jeong Oen,Song, Yong-Ha,Kim, Min-Wu,Kang, Min-Ho,Oh, Jae-Sub,Yang, Hyun-Ho,Yoon, Jun-Bo Nature Pub. Group 2013 Nature nanotechnology Vol.8 No.1

<P>Nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switches have received widespread attention as promising candidates in the drive to surmount the physical limitations currently faced by complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. The NEM switch has demonstrated superior characteristics including quasi-zero leakage behaviour, excellent density capability and operation in harsh environments. However, an unacceptably high operating voltage (4-20 V) has posed a major obstacle in the practical use of the NEM switch in low-power integrated circuits. To utilize the NEM switch widely as a core device component in ultralow power applications, the operation voltage needs to be reduced to 1 V or below. However, sub-1 V actuation has not yet been demonstrated because of fabrication difficulties and irreversible switching failure caused by surface adhesion. Here, we report the sub-1 V operation of a NEM switch through the introduction of a novel pipe clip device structure and an effective air gap fabrication technique. This achievement is primarily attributed to the incorporation of a 4-nm-thick air gap, which is the smallest reported so far for a NEM switch generated using a 'top-down' approach. Our structure and process can potentially be utilized in various nanogap-related applications, including NEM switch-based ultralow-power integrated circuits, NEM resonators, nanogap electrodes for scientific research and sensors.</P>

Sodium butyrate has context-dependent actions on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and other metabolic parameters

Lee, Eun-Sol,Lee, Dong-Sung,Pandeya, Prakash Raj,Kim, Youn-Chul,Kang, Dae-Gil,Lee, Ho-Sub,Oh, Byung-Chul,Lee, Dae Ho The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2017 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.21 No.5

Sodium butyrate (SB) has various metabolic actions. However, its effect on dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) needs to be studied further. We aimed to evaluate the metabolic actions of SB, considering its physiologically relevant concentration. We evaluated the effect of SB on regulation of DPP-4 and its other metabolic actions, both in vitro (HepG2 cells and mouse mesangial cells) and in vivo (high fat diet [HFD]-induced obese mice). Ten-week HFD-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were subjected to SB treatment by adding SB to HFD which was maintained for an additional 16 weeks. In HepG2 cells, SB suppressed DPP-4 activity and expression at sub-molar concentrations, whereas it increased DPP-4 activity at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}M$. In HFD-induced obese mice, SB decreased blood glucose, serum levels of insulin and $IL-1{\beta}$, and DPP-4 activity, and suppressed the increase in body weight. On the contrary, various tissues including liver, kidney, and peripheral blood cells showed variable responses of DPP-4 to SB. Especially in the kidney, although DPP-4 activity was decreased by SB in HFD-induced obese mice, it caused an increase in mRNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$. The pro-inflammatory actions of SB in the kidney of HFD-induced obese mice were recapitulated by cultured mesangial cell experiments, in which SB stimulated the secretion of several cytokines from cells. Our results showed that SB has differential actions according to its treatment dose and the type of cells and tissues. Thus, further studies are required to evaluate its therapeutic relevance in metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity.

체육수업에 대한 교과 흥미도가 학생들의 학업열의에 미치는 영향

이상섭(Lee, Sang-Sub),조홍식(Cho, Hong-Sik) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of subject interest in physical education classes on academic engagement among students. For that purpose, the investigator found the population in middle and high school students in Gyeonggi Province and sampled 420 students through convenience sampling. Collected data were put to multiple regression analysis with the PASW Version 18 .0 statistical program. The findings were as follows: First, all the sub-factors of subject interest in physical education classes had statistically significant effects on academic engagement(efficacy). Second, all the sub-factors of subject interest in physical education classes had statistically significant effects on academic engagement(commitment) . Third, all the sub-factors of subject interest in physical education classes had statistically significant effects on academic engagement (vitality). Finally, all the sub-factors of subject interest in physical education classes had statistically significant effects on academic engagement (absorption)

체육수업에 대한 교과 흥미도가 학생들의 기본적 심리욕구에 미치는 영향

이종철(Lee, Jong-Chul),이상섭(Lee, Sang-Sub) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.6

The purpose of this study is to identify effects of subject interest in physical education on basic psychological desires of students. For doing this, the authors established the students in middle and high schools in Gyeonggi Province as the population, selecting 340 students by using convenience sampling. The collected data was conducted of multiple regression analysis by using the PASW Ver 18.0 statistic program, and the results are as follows. First, the subject interest in physical education had statistically significant effects on the basic psychological desires of the students(competence), but among the sub-factors, teacher preference factors did not have significant effects on the basic psychological desires(competence). Second, all the sub-factors of the subject interest in physical education(teacher preference, subject content, values & efforts, and subject competence) had statistically significant effects on the basic psychological desires of the students(relation). Third, the subject interest in physical education had statistically significant effects on the basic psychological desires of the students(autonomy), but among the sub-factors, teacher preference factors did not have significant effects on the basic psychological desires(autonomy).

체육수업의 재미요인이 학생들의 심리적 유인성향에 미치는 영향

이종철(Lee Jong-Chul),조홍식(Cho Hong-Sik),박윤혁(Park Yoon-Hyuk),이상섭(Lee Sang-Sub) 한국체육과학회 2006 한국체육과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study was to explore ways to at identifying what factors made students felt enjoyment during physical education class and how much those factors influence on psychological of inducement inclination. To this end, Cluster Random Sampling was used to set up the population with boys and girls middle school students in Kyunggi-do and Inchon-si area. The survey tool was questionnaire and Collected data hereof were analyzed by one way ANOVA analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis with SPSS WIN Ver 11.5. The aforementioned method and procedure led this research to the conclusion as follows. Firstly, out of sub-factors of physical education class enyoyment by middle schoolers' individual characteristics(gender, result), boy students showed more than girl students, in which there were statistically significant difference. Meanwhile, statistically significant difference was not found in free time, explanation and modeling. Secondly, out of sub-factors of psychological of inducement inclination by middle schoolers' individual characteristics(gender, result), boy students' response was higher in senses of confidence, enthusiasm, accomplishment and indulgence than girl students' in which all considers appeared. Thirdly, the effect enjoymant factors of physical education class had statistically significant on sub-factors of psychological of inducement inclination senses of confidence, enthusiasm, accomplishment and indulgence, free time that is a sub-factor of enjoymant which did not had statistically significant influenced on sense of accomplishment.

Al - Ferrite의 Mossbauer 분광학적 연구

이충섭(Choong-Sub Lee),주한식(Han-Sik Joo),이찬영(Chan-Young Lee),서정철(Jung-Chul Sur) 한국자기학회 1998 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.8 No.4

We have studied Al_xFe_(3-x)O₄ produced by direct composition method using X-ray diffraction and Mssbauer spectroscopy. The cation distribution for Al_xFe_(3-x)O₄ was determined by the ratio of sub-spectra absorption area. The charge state of Fe atoms in octahedral site(B-site) is Fe^(2.5+) based on electron hopping, Fe²+ ↔ (Fe³+, Al³+) without dependency of substituted Al amounts.

A Synthetic Naringenin Derivative, 5-Hydroxy-7,4′-diacetyloxyflavanone-<i>N</i>-phenyl Hydrazone (N101-43), Induces Apoptosis through Up-regulation of Fas/FasL Expression and Inhibition of PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Bak, Yesol,Kim, Heejong,Kang, Jeong-Woo,Lee, Dong Hun,Kim, Man Sub,Park, Yun Sun,Kim, Jung-Hee,Jung, Kang-Yeoun,Lim, Yoongho,Hong, Jintae,Yoon, Do-Young American Chemical Society 2011 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.59 No.18

<P>Naringenin, a well-known naturally occurring flavonone, demonstrates cytotoxicity in a variety of human cancer cell lines; its inhibitory effects on tumor growth have spurred interest in its therapeutic application. In this study, naringenin was derivatized to produce more effective small-molecule inhibitors of cancer cell proliferation, and the anticancer effects of its derivative, 5-hydroxy-7,4′-diacetyloxyflavanone-<I>N</I>-phenyl hydrazone (N101-43), in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines NCI-H460, A549, and NCI-H1299 were investigated. Naringenin itself possesses no cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells. In contrast, N101-43 inhibits proliferation of both NCI-H460 and A549 cell lines; this capacity is lost in p53-lacking NCI-H1299 cells. N101-43 induces apoptosis via sub-G<SUB>1</SUB> cell-cycle arrest in NCI-H460 and via G<SUB>0</SUB>/G<SUB>1</SUB> arrest in A549 cells. Expression of apoptosis and cell-cycle regulatory factors is altered: Cyclins A and D1 and phospho-pRb are down-regulated, but expression of CDK inhibitors such as p21, p27, and p53 is enhanced by N101-43 treatment; N101-43 also increases expression levels of the extrinsic death receptor Fas and its binding partner FasL. Furthermore, N101-43 treatment diminishes levels of cell survival factors such as PI3K and p-Akt dose-dependently, and N101-43 additionally induces cleavage of the pro-apoptotic factors caspase-3, caspase-8, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Cumulatively, these investigations show that the naringenin derivative N101-43 induces apoptosis via up-regulation of Fas/FasL expression, activation of caspase cascades, and inhibition of PI3K/Akt survival signaling pathways in NCI-H460 and A549 cells. In conclusion, these data indicate that N101-43 may have potential as an anticancer agent in NSCLC.</P>

초·중등 교과 교육의 정립과 발전을 위한 연구

이경섭,이원희,장원조 한국교육과정학회 1996 교육과정연구 Vol.14 No.3

This paper studies on the identification and development of each subject-centered education in primary and secondary school. Following is the summarizing conclusion. First, is order that each subject-centered content may contribute better to the goals of primary and secondary schools, it is necessary that the goals of the schools and subjects should relate colsely each other. To get the inter-relationship, there are three desirable ways to state the goals of school levels: educational taxonomy, hierarchical order, and each subject-centered. Second, This paper has set up a system of each subject-centered education in accordance with the three following principles. a. Balancing between the system of education and the meta-disciplinary system of each subject. b. Comprising the whole system with the system of education and the sub-system with meta-disciplinary system of each subject. c. Contributing to the practices of educational theory and the theorization of educational practices. Third, development of each subject-centered education calls for a long-term plan. The plan, based on the clarification of obstacles to the development and characterization of each subject, is to revitalize the activities and researches of each subject-centered education, to promote the qualities of experts in the area, to take administrative steps to produce the experts, and to increase exceedingly financial supports to this study.

알긴산나트륨 및 첨가제를 함유한 서방성 매트릭스 정제

이범진,이태섭,신성이,허보욱,유승구 한국약제학회 1996 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.26 No.3

The matrix tablet containing sodium alginate and CaHPO₄ can release drugs in a controlled fashion from hydrogel with gelling and swelling due to their interaction as water penetrates the matrices of the tablet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate release characteristics of the matrix tablet varying the amount of sodium alginate, CaHPO₄ and other excipients such as chitosan, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and Eudragit^ⓡ RS100 in the simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. The practically soluble ibuprofen was used as a model drug. The release profiles of matrix tablet in the gastric fluid as a function of sodium alginate/CaHPO₄ ratio was not pronounced because of low solubility of drug and stability of alginate matrices. However, release rate of drug from the matrix tablet in the intestinal fluid was largely changed when sodium alginate/CaHPO₄ ratio was increased, suggesting that the ratio of sodium alginate/CaHPO₄ was an important factor to control the gelling and swelling of the matrix tablet. The incorporation of other excipients into the matrix tablet also influenced the release rate of drug. The chitosan and HPMC decreased the release rate of drug. No release of drug was occurred when Eudragit^ⓡ RS100 was added into the tablet. The retarded release of matrix tablet when excipients were added resulted from the hindrance of swelling and gelling of the matrix tablet containing sodium alginate and CaHPO₄. The hardness and bulk density of the matrix tablet was not correlated with release rate of drug in the study. From these findings, the ratio of sodium alginate and CaHPO₄ in the matrix tablet in addition to incorporation of excipients could be very important to control the release rate of drug in dosage form design.