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Xu, Jun,Chen, Lie-Wen,Tsang, ManYee Betty,Wolter, Hermann,Zhang, Ying-Xun,Aichelin, Joerg,Colonna, Maria,Cozma, Dan,Danielewicz, Pawel,Feng, Zhao-Qing,Le Fè,vre, Arnaud,Gaitanos, Theodoros,Hartn American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review C Vol.93 No.4
<P>Transport simulations are very valuable for extracting physics information from heavy-ion-collision experiments. With the emergence of many different transport codes in recent years, it becomes important to estimate their robustness in extracting physics information from experiments. We report on the results of a transport-code-comparison project. Eighteen commonly used transport codes were included in this comparison: nine Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck-type codes and nine quantum-molecular-dynamics-type codes. These codes have been asked to simulate Au + Au collisions using the same physics input for mean fields and for in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections, as well as the same impact parameter, the similar initialization setup, and other calculational parameters at 100 A and 400 A MeV incident energy. Among the codes we compare one-body observables such as rapidity and transverse flow distributions. We also monitor nonobservables such as the initialization of the internal states of colliding nuclei and their stability, the collision rates, and the Pauli blocking. We find that not completely identical initializations may have contributed partly to different evolutions. Different strategies to determine the collision probabilities and to enforce the Pauli blocking also produce considerably different results. There is a substantial spread in the predictions for the observables, which is much smaller at the higher incident energy. We quantify the uncertainties in the collective flow resulting from the simulation alone as about 30% at 100 A MeV and 13% at 400 A MeV, respectively. We propose further steps within the code comparison project to test the different aspects of transport simulations in a box calculation of infinite nuclear matter. This should, in particular, improve the robustness of transport model predictions at lower incident energies, where abundant amounts of data are available.</P>
Shape and spin determination of Barbarian asteroids
Devogè,le, M.,Tanga, P.,Bendjoya, P.,Rivet, J. P.,Surdej, J.,Hanuš,, J.,Abe, L.,Antonini, P.,Artola, R. A.,Audejean, M.,Behrend, R.,Berski, F.,Bosch, J. G.,Bronikowska, M.,Carbognani, A.,Ch Springer-Verlag 2017 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.607 No.-
Heesch, Svenja,Cho, Ga Youn,Peters, Akira F.,Le Corguillé,, Gildas,Falentin, Cyril,Boutet, Gilles,Coë,del, Solè,ne,Jubin, Claire,Samson, Gaelle,Corre, Erwan,Coelho, Susana M.,Mark Cock Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 The New phytologist Vol.188 No.1
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P><P> <I>Ectocarpus siliculosus</I> has been proposed as a genetic and genomic model for the brown algae and the 214 Mbp genome of this organism has been sequenced. The aim of this project was to obtain a chromosome‐scale view of the genome by constructing a genetic map using microsatellite markers that were designed based on the sequence supercontigs.</P><P>To map genetic markers, a segregating F<SUB>2</SUB> population was generated from a cross between the sequenced strain (Ec 32) and a compatible strain from northern Chile. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis indicated a significant degree of polymorphism (41%) between the genomes of these two parental strains. Of 1,152 microsatellite markers that were selected for analysis based on their location on long supercontigs, their potential as markers and their predicted ability to amplify a single genomic locus, 407 were found to be polymorphic.</P><P>A genetic map was constructed using 406 markers, resulting in 34 linkage groups. The 406 markers anchor 325 of the longest supercontigs on to the map, representing 70.1% of the genome sequence.</P><P>The <I>Ectocarpus</I> genetic map described here not only provides a large‐scale assembly of the genome sequence, but also represents an important tool for future genetic analysis using this organism.</P></P>