In Search of the True Church : an examination of the significance of small groups within early anabaptism and pietism

Latham, Jane Holly Acadia Univ. 1993 국내석사

Mary Berenson and the conception of connoisseurship (Bernard Berenson, Walt Whitman)

Johnston, Tiffany Latham Indiana University 2001 해외박사

Motherhood and the reproduction of gender stratification

Latham, Nancy Lane University of California, Berkeley 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

An extensive literature on gender and housework has documented the fact that even when they are employed, women typically do two to three times the housework of their husbands. It's also the case that women work many fewer employment hours, on average, than do men. So despite the growth of women in the labor force and the increasing tendency of men to participate in housework and childcare, traditional sex roles maintain a stubborn presence. One event in particular stands out as a powerful catalyst for sex-typing within a marriage: the arrival of children. With young children at home, women decrease their workplace hours and increase their housework hours. At the same time, children have little or no effect on the hours men spend either on employment or housework. Since social and material rewards aren't evenly distributed across home and market labor, the investments that individual men and women make aggregate, at the level of social structure, to systematic gender differences in wealth and status. Because children have such a large effect on the way men and women divide labor, and because this division in turn has such a large effect on gender stratification, it is important to get at some of the underlying reasons that dual-earner couples “fall back” to more traditional roles after they have children. What factors are behind a couple's redistribution of labor hours after they become parents? I come at this issue from two directions, considering first the rise in the proportion of housework hours women do, and then the drop on their proportion of employment hours. First, why don't women resist a division of housework in which they do twice what their husbands do? And second, why do women choose to decrease their employment hours so dramatically while men's hours register virtually no change?. In chapter 2, I ask whether women employ a particular equity principle in judging whether the division of housework is fair—a principle in which men compensate for a smaller proportion of housework hours with a larger proportion of employment hours. I find that indeed women's use of this principle can account for their lack of resistance to a much more sex-typed division of housework. In chapters 3 and 4 I tackle the issue of employment. In chapter 3, I explicitly test an explanation often taken for granted: that the decision to drop or not drop employment hours is rooted in a sex stratified labor market—in other words, that women stay home with children because they make less money than their husbands do. Having found that a comparative advantage in market labor <italic>can't</italic> account for men's and women's employment decisions, in chapter 4 I ask what alternative reasons there might be. I test a psychological theory, asking whether a gender difference in work commitment underlies the gender difference in post-natal employment hours. I find that what might at first look like a gender difference in work commitment is better understood as a gender difference in felt responsibility for care of young children.

Biological control of the mealy plum aphid, Hyalopterus pruni Geoffrey

Latham, Daniel Rodney University of California, Berkeley 2008 해외박사(DDOD)

The mealy plum aphid, Hyalopterus pruni (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a pest of prune in California. The impact of aphids as pests is governed by their population growth rate, a parameter summarizing the age-specific development, survivorship, and fecundity. We estimated these life history characteristics at five temperatures in the laboratory. A non-linear model gave a developmental threshold of 9.39°C and a lethal maximum temperature of 35.49°C. Population growth rates for H. pruni from these data and from additional field cage observations gave estimates in the range rm = 0.14-0.22. Aphidius transcaspicus is a parasitoid selected for use as a biological control agent against H. pruni in California. We examined the life history characteristics, host instar preference and functional response of this parasitoid. The intrinsic rate of natural increase at 22.3°C was estimated to be 0.21. Host instar preference for parasitoids attacking aphids on field collected prune leaves was for the intermediate instars. The 24 hour functional response to host density using sleeve cages in prune orchards was linear (Type I). One laboratory and two field based methods were compared as approaches to estimate the daily consumption rates by larvae of Harmonia axyridis and Chrysopa nigricornis the two most abundant predators of H. pruni in prune orchards. There was little difference between consumption rates estimated from field enclosure and laboratory arena methods, while field-based observations gave higher rates of consumption for both predator species. The merits of the different methods are discussed in relation to the distribution (colonial versus dispersed) of the prey and the mobility of the predator. We determined the degree to which naturally occurring densities of aphidophagous predators in prune orchards are responsible for the observed seasonal changes in mealy plum aphid densities. We used a simple model of aphid population growth and predation, field sampling data on aphid and predator densities, independent estimates of H. pruni population growth rates, and stage- and species-specific per capita predation rates estimated from field observations. We conclude that predator densities in prune orchards are seldom sufficient to account for the observed changes in mealy plum aphid densities.

Examining creative destruction in the IT industry: A resource-based view perspective

Latham, Scott F University of Massachusetts Amherst 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation investigated the relationship between firm resources and firm strategies in response to economic recession. While economic recessions represent one of the most significant environmental influences on firms, markets, and industries, little research has focused on how firms cope with recessionary pressures. Perhaps Josef Schumpeter offered the most concise assessment of the implications of economic recession for firm survival maintaining that, "During recession...much dead wood disappears" (Schumpeter 1939, 143). He also stated that a firm's strategy could only be evaluated under the tumultuous conditions of recession, not the perennial lull of growth. By relying on the resource-based view of the firm as its theoretical frame, this study investigated whether firm heterogeneity and firm strategy influenced within- and postrecession performance. It addressed the following three research questions: First, did firm initial conditions before the recession separate the "dead wood" from viable firms? Second, did firms' resources at the onset of recession constrain their strategic responses to recession? Finally, what were the linkages between within-recession strategy and post-strategy and post-recession performance?. This research effort applied rigorous statistical methods to examine the strategies and characteristics of 500 publicly traded information technology firms during the last recession (2000--2003). It also took a detailed look through primary survey data, at the recession strategies of approximately 150 additional firms, both public and private. The study offers several contributions. First, it extended the limited research that examined how firm strategy interacts with economic recession. This study was an attempt to offer a finer level of analysis, in contrast to the larger body of economic literature that only examined macro-economic issues. In doing so, the study offers a strong policy component by helping better understand how recessions affect firms and industries. Second, the study was designed and executed with the resource-based view of the firm as its primary theoretical foundation. Consistent with the theory, the study focused on firm-specific attributes as mitigating factors to recessionary effects. Third, the study relied on innovative statistical models, which not only help yield insightful findings in this study, but they can also be utilized again to study historic or future recessions.

Snobs, mobs, and celebrities: The modernist novel in the cultural marketplace (William Makepeace Thackeray, Oscar Wilde, Virginia Woolf, Dorothy Sayers, James Joyce, Ireland)

Latham, Sean Patrick Brown University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

A critical genealogy of snobbery, this dissertation traces the figure of distinction from its obscure the nineteenth-century origins through its consolidation in the literary marketplace of the early twentieth century. Standing at the point of exchange between cultural, social, and economic capital, the snob played a key role in the construction of modernism by condensing concerns about the fragmentation of literary culture, the perceived autonomy of modern art, and the mass-mediation of aesthetic taste. The project begins with an examination of the works and careers of William Thackeray and Oscar Wilde, contending that for both of these writers the snob extends the promise of a new sort of celebrity, one closely allied to the rise of a mass-mediated culture, yet dependent upon an avidly proclaimed disdain for the public and its tastes. Taking up the issue of snobbery some twenty years later, Virginia Woolf then transforms the snob from the fashion-driven celebrity embodied by Wilde into an icon of refined intelligence self-consciously isolated from the perceived degradations of middlebrow culture. Such disdain for popular taste plays a key role in the next chapter as well, which discovers in the work of James Joyce a far more ambivalent attitude toward aesthetic pretension. Though beginning his career as an unapologetic snob, Joyce eventually struggles in the pages of <italic>Ulysses</italic> to create some site of mediation between highbrow and middlebrow culture, only to conclude that no such space may exist within the structure of the modern literary marketplace. The dissertation concludes by turning away from the works of high modernism to consider the ways in which popular novelists utilized the figure of the snob to position themselves within the larger intellectual landscape. Focusing on the detective novels of Dorothy Sayers, this chapter argues that despite her sometimes vicious satire of highbrow culture, she too understood the pleasures of intellectual distinction. Like Woolf, Joyce, Wilde, and Thackeray, she discovers that in a world where culture and capital cannot be fully separated from another, the snob's pretension offers some limited sanctuary from the shocks of mass-mediated celebrity.

The impact of admissions and licensure testing on the academic quality, supply, and diversity of prospective teachers

Latham, Andrew S Temple University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation examines the academic and demographic profiles of prospective teachers and explores how teacher testing affects these profiles. Specifically, the dissertation links SAT college admissions test data—a proxy for academic ability—with the passing status of nearly 200,000 prospective teachers who took a college of education entrance exam or teacher licensure test from The Praxis Series between 1994 and 1997. On average, those who pass Praxis tests, and thus are permitted to proceed further in the teacher preparation pipeline, have higher SAT scores than those who do not pass. However, licensure testing necessarily reduces the supply of prospective teachers, at a time when the United States faces a potential shortage of qualified teachers. Moreover, the prospective teacher pool is highly homogeneous with respect to race/ethnicity, and disparate passing rates on teacher tests limit the pool's racial/ethnic diversity even further. Although teachers' academic ability has often been summarized across the spectrum of teaching positions, it actually varies widely by type of license sought. On average, those candidates who seek licenses in academic subject areas have substantially higher college admissions test scores than those in the non-academic fields of elementary, physical, and special education. The candidates most likely to pass Praxis licensure tests are those who majored in their academic content area or their content area within education as an undergraduate, those with the highest undergraduate grade point averages, and those who attended schools accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education. If, as many advocates of high standards have recommended, minimum passing scores on Praxis are raised, the mean SAT scores of the prospective teachers who pass Praxis will rise dramatically, but the supply and diversity of the pool will fall equally dramatically. The data suggest that teacher testing holds promise, but must be used judiciously and in combination with other reform efforts to ensure an adequate supply of academically talented and racially and ethnically diverse teachers.

The promotion of early Hollywood: Racial, ethnic, and national identity in text and context

Latham, James Richard New York University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation examines early Hollywood's promotion of itself and its products with emphasis on depictions of race, ethnicity, and nationality. Situating the texts of film promotion in relation to their social and industrial contexts, this dissertation is unprecedented in its scale of categories, evidence, and corpus drawing mainly from the leading trade paper <italic>Moving Picture World</italic> and the popular fan magazine <italic>Motion Picture Magazine </italic> during the period 1912–25. Following an introductory chapter describing the rationale and methods of this project, four chapters provide the findings of content analyses of randomly sampled materials obtained from these publications including advertisements, publicity articles, photos, and editorial cartoons. Drawing from a sample of 321 items, Chapter Two identifies and examines over a dozen rhetorical techniques that spanned the promotion of various product types. Chapter Three examines a comparable number of categories involving the promotion of the film industry and specific companies. Chapter Four identifies and examines nineteen categories for the promotion of specific films, ranging from storylines to behind-the-scenes information. In order to sufficiently account for marginalized communities, Chapter Five draws from a much larger sampling of over 1,700 items, identifying and describing how a dozen racial, ethnic, and national groups are depicted, ranging from dominant white Americans to Asians and indigenous people. Two chapters then provide case studies via close textual analyses of several intentionally selected advertising images researched specifically for their depictions of two peoples. Chapter Six examines depictions of Germans with emphasis on the World War I era; Chapter Seven studies depictions of black people in regard to themes of Eurocentrism. The random samplings thus provide findings on broad patterns of promotional technique, while the case studies examine specificities of these qualities as they relate to depictions of racial, ethnic, and national identity and broader industrial and social discourses. Altogether, this project provides original, rich, and voluminous findings vis-à-vis numerous objects and a synthetic methodological approach, thus contributing new scholarship potentially vital to Cinema Studies and with implications for American Studies, Media Studies, Cultural Studies, and the history of advertising and the early twentieth century.

Learning to make a difference: Eracing selves: Some lay perspectives on the social construction of race

Latham, Ruth Ann The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation examines and uses lay people's knowledge and premises about the workings of race in daily life to deepen our understanding of the theoretical statement, race is a social construct. Drawing on social constructivist theory and critical theoretical perspectives, I conceptualized race as both process and product in U.S. social structure. I used ethnography to assist me in bringing into relief the process of becoming raced as it develops in the social context of a particular time and place. The ethnographic process entailed 16 months of observing social interaction between and within racial groups in Clarks Corner, a small southern town, as well as examining local archival sources, followed by 4 months spent interviewing 60 long-term residents. These residents represented a cross-section of Clarks Corner's population with respect to generation, race, social background, religion and gender. Analysis of the findings reveals a socio-historical process by which individuals become raced. That process is a product of a history of socializing individuals to believe that there is an innate difference in the races. That belief, and interactions that create and reinforce it, produce racial identities. The data show that racial identities imbued with social meaning, in turn re- enforce the practice of racing in social interaction, as they shape the ways that individuals, occupying a particular social place, relate to one another. The data also showed participants appearing to comply with the social practice of constructing self and others as having a raced. A closer look showed that on matters relating to notions of a normal/superior race and different or inferior races, there is evidence of a history of white residents embracing these ideas, while nonwhites contest the notion that they are innately differently and that whites are normal. The data also documented that the process of becoming raced operates, albeit along different axes, in tandem with other socializing systems (social background, religion, and gender). The socializing systems of social background and religion converge with the process of racing and fragment monolithic notions of race. Their point of convergence yields various configurations of racial identities within one racial category.

Teachers’ Needs and Preferences vs. Administrators’ Perceptions: Recommendations for Educational Technology-Focused Professional Development Using Action Research in a Suburban High School

Latham, Lori University of South Carolina ProQuest Dissertation 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this action research was to identify and describe teachers’ needs and preferences and administrator perceptions of teachers’ needs and preferences for educational technology-focused professional development at a public southeastern high school in a suburban school district in order to make recommendations for future professional development. In our fast-paced, ever-changing digital landscape, professional development should emphasize the effective use of educational technology while also catering to goals and ability levels of educators. Teachers are tasked with instilling digital literacy skills with their students but need quality professional development to do so. This study focused on two research questions. This first question sought to determine teachers’ needs and preferences for educational technology-focused professional development at Lakeside High School (a pseudonym). The second question explored administrators’ perceptions of teacher needs and preferences as it pertains to educational technology-focused professional development at Lakeside High School.This study incorporated a mixed-methods approach in order to triangulate data. Participants in this study were teachers and administrators from Lakeside High School in a suburban school district. Quantitative data were collected from teacher surveys concerning educational technology-focused professional development. Qualitative data were collected from three teacher-focus groups and two administrator-focus groups. Quantitative data indicates that teacher-participants are neutral about their experiences with educational technology-focused professional development, hesitant to incorporate new technology tools, and do not integrate 21st century skills very often in their classrooms. Qualitative data revealed that educational technology-focused professional development does not meet the needs and preferences of teacher-participants. Teachers should have time for content-focused collaboration and practice time, sessions that are differentiated, and tools modeled for them. Future professional development should incorporate the essential conditions set forth by the International Society for Technology in Education (2020). Implications for future research would be to evaluate the integration of ISTEs (2020) essential conditions for future professional development.