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      • KCI등재

        A 5-Month Open Study with Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Dyslexia

        Lars Lindmark,Peter Clough 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.4

        This open pilot study investigated effects of a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich supplement on learning abil-ity in a group of 20 dyslexic children in Sweden. Children formally diagnosed as dyslexic took eight capsules per day of ajective assessments by the children and their parents were completed at baseline and 6, 12, and 20 weeks after supplementa-tion. Quantitative evaluation by word-chain test was completed before and after 4 months of supplementation to measure worddecoding (speed of reading) and letter decoding (motoric-perceptual speed). Subjective parent and child assessments showedincreasing numbers of positive responders over time in reading speed, general schoolwork, and overall perceived benefit. Sig-nificant improvements were observed in reading speed and motor-perceptual velocity. Thirteen of 17 children had a signifi-cant improvement on the word-chain test (P. .04). Reading speed improved by 60% from 1.76. 0.29 before the study to2.82. 0.36 after supplementation (P. .01 by Wilcoxon sign test). Motoric-perceptual velocity improved by 23% from a sta-nine value of 3.76. 0.42 to 4.65. 0.66 after supplementation (P. .05 by Wilcoxon sign test). Thus LC-PUFA supple-mentation for 5 months provides positive and clear beneficial effect on variables usually impaired by dyslexia.

      • KCI등재후보

        Ginger-An Herbal Medicinal Product with Broad Anti-Inflammatory Actions

        Carmelita G. Frondoza,Lars Lindmark,Reinhard Grzanna 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.2

        The anti-inflammatory properties of ginger have been known and valued for centuries. During the past 25years, many laboratories have provided scientific support for the long-held belief that ginger contains constituents with anti-inflammatory properties. The original discovery of ginger’s inhibitory effects on prostaglandin biosynthesis in the early 1970shas been repeatedly confirmed. This discovery identified ginger as an herbal medicinal product that shares pharmacologicalproperties with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ginger suppresses prostaglandin synthesis through inhibition of cy-clooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. An important extension of this early work was the observation that ginger also sup-presses leukotriene biosynthesis by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase. This pharmacological property distinguishes ginger from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This discovery preceded the observation that dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and5-lipoxygenase may have a better therapeutic profile and have fewer side effects than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.The characterization of the pharmacological properties of ginger entered a new phase with the discovery that a ginger extract(EV.EXT.77) derived from Zingiber officinale(family Zingiberaceae) and Alpina galanga (family Zingiberaceae) inhibits theinduction of several genes involved in the inflammatory response. These include genes encoding cytokines, chemokines, andthe inducible enzyme cyclooxygenase-2. This discovery provided the first evidence that ginger modulates biochemical path-ways activated in chronic inflammation. Identification of the molecular targets of individual ginger constituents provides anopportunity to optimize and standardize ginger products with respect to their effects on specific biomarkers of inflammation.Such preparations will be useful for studies in experimental animals and humans.

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