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PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF CADMIUM PARTITIONING COEFFICIENTS OF CROPLAND SOILS
Chen, Weiping,Chang, Andrew C.,Wu, Laosheng,Li, Lianqing,Kwon, Soon-Ik,Page, Albert L. Williams & Wilkins Co 2007 Soil science Vol.172 No.2
The solution to solid partitioning coefficient (Kd) is an important parameter in assessing the environmental and health risks of potentially toxic metals in soils. Ideally, the metal in solution phase should be determined at the field moisture condition under which the exposures take place. In reality, it is often represented by the concentration in extracts of a given soil-to-water ratio. Using cadmium (Cd) as an example, we demonstrated the uncertainties in determining the soil solution concentrations in cropland soils where the metal contents are only slightly higher than the baselines. Results of extraction experiments showed the Cd concentration of soil solution under simulated field moisture conditions (i.e., water-to-soil ratio of 0.5) tends to be stochastic and follows a normal distribution. The distribution of Kd of two California cropland soils was quantitatively described by a normal probability distribution function. The normal distribution pattern wasfurther validated by data collected in the field. When Kd is characterized in the probabilistic terms, the risks of environmental andhealth harm of metals in the cropland soils may be more appropriately assessed.