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The Performance of Port Clusters
Peter W.de Langen Jungseok Research Institute of International Logis 2004 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.2 No.1
This paper deals with the performance of port clusters. Port clusters are analyzed using a framework that draws from different schools that deal with clusters (see De Langen, 2004). Central to the framework is the identification of eight variables of cluster performance. Four of those─agglomeration and disagglomeration forces, internal competition, heterogeneity of the cluster and the level of entry and exit barriers─are related to the structure of a cluster and four─the presence of trust, the presence of intermediaries, the presence of leader firms and the quality of collective action regimes─are related to the governance of clusters. The validity of these variables is confirmed in three case studies, of the port clusters of the Rotterdam, Durban, and the lower Mississippi. The strengths and weaknesses of the three port clusters, the importance of the variables discussed above and opportunities for policy and management to improve the performance of clusters are discussed. The results of this study are relevant for cluster scholars and for scholars specializing in port studies and, since implications of this study for policy and management in (port) clusters are discussed, the study is also relevant for (port) cluster managers and for managers of firms in (port) clusters.
Forecasting Container Throughput : A Method and Implications for Port Planning
P.W. de Langen Jungseok Research Institute of International Logis 2003 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.1 No.1
This paper analyses the determinants of transport demand for maritime container transport. Such an analysis is relevant, among others for port planning, since port expansion plans are based on forecasts. Inevitably, different opinions about the future development of (container) transport flows exist, and decision-makers are confronted with uncertainty. this paper analyses the variables of container transport demand. Seven variables are identified, four related to the overall volume of trade and international transport flows (the GDP, export quote of economies, the direction of trade and the value density of trade) and three related to the containerised proportion of transport flows (the containerisable share of transport flows, the containerrisation rate and the share of shipping in international trade). The rise of containerised transport flows from 1980 to 1995 is based on different 'underlying factors'. The future development of the variables is highly uncertain, and a 'extrapolation' of the high growth rates of the past, is not likely to lead to a good forecast for the future. Thus, decision-makers confronted with the uncertainty about future trade flows, should try to maximise flexibility in port planning.
The changing role of ports as locations for logistics activities
Larissa M. van der Lugt,Peter W. de Langen Jungseok Research Institute of International Logis 2005 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.3 No.2
Ports are often seen as engines behind regional economic development, because ports attract a variety of economic activities. This paper focuses on the role of ports in global supply chains and the opportunities to attract new economic activities in logistics. The central argument of the paper is that the role of ports as a location for logistics activities evolves with the evolution of logistics concepts. Evidence from West Europe is discussed. With the evolution of logistics concepts towards central coordination and more decentralized physical distribution, ports will see its multinational function diminish, eventually replaced by logistics activities with a more regional function and stronger integrated with production activities. Ports then have to face the competition from inland locations for value added logistics activities. The case of logistics developments provides a basis for analysing the increasingly important questions "What logistics activities ports can attract?" and "What is the appropriate strategy to result in this?"
Nonaggregated α-Synuclein Influences SNARE-Dependent Vesicle Docking via Membrane Binding
Lai, Ying,Kim, Sunae,Varkey, Jobin,Lou, Xiaochu,Song, Jae-Kyun,Diao, Jiajie,Langen, Ralf,Shin, Yeon-Kyun American Chemical Society 2014 Biochemistry Vol.53 No.24
<P/><P>α-Synuclein (α-Syn), a major component of Lewy body that is considered as the hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD), has been implicated in neuroexocytosis. Overexpression of α-Syn decreases the neurotransmitter release. However, the mechanism by which α-Syn buildup inhibits the neurotransmitter release is still unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of nonaggregated α-Syn on SNARE-dependent liposome fusion using fluorescence methods. In ensemble in vitro assays, α-Syn reduces lipid mixing mediated by SNAREs. Furthermore, with the more advanced single-vesicle assay that can distinguish vesicle docking from fusion, we found that α-Syn specifically inhibits vesicle docking, without interfering with the fusion. The inhibition in vesicle docking requires α-Syn binding to acidic lipid containing membranes. Thus, these results imply the existence of at least two mechanisms of inhibition of SNARE-dependent membrane fusion: at high concentrations, nonaggregated α-Syn inhibits docking by binding acidic lipids but not v-SNARE; on the other hand, at much lower concentrations, large α-Syn oligomers inhibit via a mechanism that requires v-SNARE interaction [Choi et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.2013, 110 (10), 4087−409223431141].</P>
Guidelines for the next 10 years of proteomics
Wilkins, Marc R.,Appel, Ron D.,Van Eyk, Jennifer E.,Chung, Maxey C. M.,Gö,rg, Angelika,Hecker, Michael,Huber, Lukas A.,Langen, Hanno,Link, Andrew J.,Paik, Young-Ki,Patterson, Scott D.,Pennington, WILEY-VCH Verlag 2006 Proteomics Vol.6 No.1
<P>In the last ten years, the field of proteomics has expanded at a rapid rate. A range of exciting new technology has been developed and enthusiastically applied to an enormous variety of biological questions. However, the degree of stringency required in proteomic data generation and analysis appears to have been underestimated. As a result, there are likely to be numerous published findings that are of questionable quality, requiring further confirmation and/or validation. This manuscript outlines a number of key issues in proteomic research, including those associated with experimental design, differential display and biomarker discovery, protein identification and analytical incompleteness. In an effort to set a standard that reflects current thinking on the necessary and desirable characteristics of publishable manuscripts in the field, a minimal set of guidelines for proteomics research is then described. These guidelines will serve as a set of criteria which editors of PROTEOMICS will use for assessment of future submissions to the Journal.</P>