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( Xing Hu ),( Linhua Ma ),( Shaocheng Huang ),( Jinke Huang ),( Kangning Sun ),( Tianyu Huang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.8
In high diversity node situation, single-channel MAC protocols suffer from many collisions. To solve this problem, the research of multichannel MAC protocol has become a hotspot. And the cyclic quorum-based multichannel (CQM) MAC protocol outperformed others owing to its high frequency utilization. In addition, it can avoid the bottleneck that others suffered from and can be easily realized with only one transceiver. To obtain the accurate performance of CQM MAC protocol, a Markov chain model, which combines the channel hopping strategy of CQM protocol and IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF), is proposed. The metrics (throughput and average packet transmission delay) are calculated in performance analysis, with respect to node number, packet rate, channel slot length and channel number. The results of numerical analysis show that the optimal performance of CQM protocol can be obtained in saturation bound situation. And then we obtain the saturation bound of CQM system by bird swarm algorithm (BSA). Finally, the Markov chain model and saturation bound are verified by Qualnet platform. And the simulation results show that the analytic and simulation results match very well.
Nolis, Gene M.,Adil, Abdullah,Yoo, Hyun Deog,Hu, Linhua,Bayliss, Ryan D.,Lapidus, Saul H.,Berkland, Lisa,Phillips, Patrick J.,Freeland, John W.,Kim, Chunjoong,Klie, Robert F.,Cabana, Jordi American Chemical Society 2018 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.122 No.8
<P>In this report, the feasibility of reversible Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> or Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> intercalation into a crystalline cubic spinel Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> cathode has been investigated using electrochemical methods in an aqueous electrolyte. A combination of synchrotron XRD and XANES studies identified the partial structural transformation from a cubic to a tetragonally distorted spinel Mn<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>, accompanied by the reduction of Mn<SUP>4+</SUP> to Mn<SUP>3+</SUP> and Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> during discharge. TEM/EDX measurements confirmed that practically no Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> was inserted upon discharge. However, non-negligible amounts of Zn were detected after Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> was reduced in the Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> electrolyte, but through the formation of secondary phases that, in some cases, appeared adjacent to the surface of a cathode particle. This report aims to identify bottlenecks in the application of manganese oxide cathodes paired with Ca or Zn metal anodes and to justify future efforts in designing prototype multivalent batteries.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2018/jpccck.2018.122.issue-8/acs.jpcc.7b12084/production/images/medium/jp-2017-12084c_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp7b12084'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
YONG DING,SONGYUAN DAI,Litao Jia,YANMEI MA,ZHAOQIAN LI,CHANGNENG ZHANG,JIANXI YAO,LIE MO,LINHUA HU,BING ZHANG,LING JIANG 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.5
The sub-microspheres play multiple roles in enhancing dye adsorption and light-scattering toimprove the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this work, the well-de¯ned TiO 2sub-microspheres with anatase granular-like nanocrystals are prepared in high yield by com-bining hydrolytic process with solvothermal treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) andtransmission electron microscopy (TEM) results indicated that plenty of rhombic nanoparticleswith ? 18 nm diameter having mutual contacts to neighboring nanoparticles were densely self-assembled into sub-microspheres, and abundant mesopores existed in the whole sub-microsphereswith superior light scattering ability. The appropriate pore diameter and relatively high speci¯csurface area of the as-obtained sub-microsphere result in a higher dye adsorption. As expected, byusing the sub-microspheres as a scattering layer, a higher photovoltaic conversion e±ciency of10.15% is obtained for DSSCs.