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Kyuwon Han(Kyuwon Han),Soocheol Kim(Soocheol Kim),Hoesung Yang(Hoesung Yang),Kwang Soo Cho(Kwang Soo Cho),Kangbok Lee(Kangbok Lee),Ho-Sik Han(Ho-Sik Han) 한국화재소방학회 2022 International Journal of Fire Science and Engineer Vol.36 No.2
Photoelectric smoke detectors, which operate by reacting to the scattering of light caused by particles entering the light path, are widely used and extremely sensitive. Owing to higher standards imposed by Underwriters Laboratories, researchers have begun analyzing the properties of smoke particles. In particular, several wavelengths are used to classify particles by their scattering reactivity. The performances of actual smoke detectors are limited by their hardware and price. Therefore, properties that can distinguish particle types in these limited conditions must be determined. In addition, algorithms for extracting valid data intervals from unstable scattering data must be developed. In this study, scattering intensity ratios for three wavelengths are derived via simulations of light scattering by particles. An upper cumulative sum is defined for the three wavelengths, and an index for the start of particle inflow is extracted. In addition, valid intervals are extracted based on the scattering intensity ratios and the moving variance of adjacent wavelengths, and the properties of each particle are defined using the extracted indexes. For verification, a data acquisition device that can obtain data using the three selected wavelengths (470, 525, and 850 nm) from two sensors is designed. Five types of fire sources and non-fire alarm sources are selected and used in a test chamber designed to generate particle data. After applying the algorithm, the data in the valid data intervals can be used to derive a sample mean scattering intensity ratio that is more constant than that of the overall data or the data processed using the CUSUM index. In addition, the fire sources have a higher sample mean scattering intensity ratio than water vapor, which is a non-fire alarm source. The scattering intensity ratios for smoke particles can be extracted in real time via a comparison with experimental results obtained from the selected sensors.
Personness estimation for real-time human detection on mobile devices
Kim, Kyuwon,Oh, Changjae,Sohn, Kwanghoon Elsevier 2017 expert systems with applications Vol.72 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>One aim of detection proposal methods is to reduce the computational overhead of object detection. However, most of the existing methods have significant computational overhead for real-time detection on mobile devices. A fast and accurate proposal method of human detection called personness estimation is proposed, which facilitates real-time human detection on mobile devices and can be effectively integrated into part-based detection, achieving high detection performance at a low computational cost. Our work is based on two observations: (i) normed gradients, which are designed for generic objectness estimation, effectively generate high-quality detection proposals for the person category; (ii) fusing the normed gradients with color attributes improves the performance of proposal generation for human detection. Thus, the candidate windows generated by the personness estimation will very likely contain human subjects. The human detection is then guided by the candidate windows, offering high detection performance even when the detection task terminates prior to completion. This interruptible detection scheme, called anytime detection, enables real-time human detection on mobile devices. Furthermore, we introduce a new evaluation methodology called time-recall curves to practically evaluate our approach. The applicability of our proposed method is demonstrated in extensive experiments on a publicly available dataset and a real mobile device, facilitating acquisition and enhancement of portrait photographs (e.g. selfie) on widespread mobile platforms.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A fast and accurate detection proposal method for the person category is proposed. </LI> <LI> Detection proposals are used by the part-based human detector in a improved way. </LI> <LI> High effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on a real mobile device. </LI> </UL> </P>
Study of SU-8 to make a Ni master-mold: Adhesion, sidewall profile, and removal
Kim, Sung-Jin,Yang, Haesik,Kim, Kyuwon,Lim, Yong Taik,Pyo, Hyeon-Bong WILEY-VCH Verlag 2006 Electrophoresis Vol.27 No.16
<P>For disposable microfluidic devices, easy and inexpensive fabrication is essential. Consequently, replication of microfluidic devices, using injection molding or hot embossing, from a master-mold is widely used. However, the conventional master-mold fabrication technique is unsatisfactory in terms of time and costs. In this regard, direct Ni growth (electroplating) from a back plate is promising when the photoresist is well-defined. Here, we demonstrate the use of SU-8 as a photoresist to define the Ni-growth region. We accomplish this application by focusing on the adhesion, the sidewall profile, and the removal of SU-8: the adhesion is enhanced by controlling the exposure dose, the soft-baking time, and by choosing the adhesion-promoting layer; the sidewall profile is regulated by selecting the intensity of each exposed wavelength, showing an aspect ratio of up to 20.9; and, easy removal is achieved by choosing a proper photoresist-stripper. Using the master-mold fabricated by this method, we test the mechanical stability of the features according to the aspect ratio and length; in the hot embossing process, the features are stable in the aspect ratio of up to 5.8 at a length of 200 µm. In addition, the plastic devices fabricated from this method are applied to the passive stop valves, showing a capillary pressure (−0.2 to −7.2 kPa).</P>
Lazy dragging: effortless bounding-box drawing for touch-screen devices
Kim, Kyuwon,Kim, Sunok,Sohn, Kwanghoon IEEE 2017 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS - Vol.63 No.2
<P>Dragging a rectangular box is arguably one of the most intuitive and popular user interfaces to select a whole object. However, the conventional dragging method cannot be easily applied on touch-screen devices. This paper proposes a more convenient and lazier way of bounding-box (BB) drawing for touch-screen devices. The proposed method of BB drawing, termed Lazy Dragging, is designed to yield accurate BB results at interactive speeds. To this end, Lazy Dragging proceeds in two stages: (i) it first filters out explicit non-borders via graph-based segmentation; (ii) it then singles out the best four box sides among the remaining candidates using edge feature-based random forest. In this second stage, global and local edge-based border detection and a combined approach of these global and local schemes are utilized. This paper also proposes an optional stage to simplify and ameliorate further user refinement by providing invisible magnetic guidelines. This technique guides a user's touch to the nearest superpixel boundaries. Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset demonstrate that Lazy Dragging convincingly enhances the quality of input BBs in quasi real-time, enabling effortless object selection on small touch-screen devices.</P>
Kim, Sung-Jin,Lim, Yong Taik,Yang, Haesik,Kim, Kyuwon,Kim, Youn Tae WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Electrophoresis Vol.31 No.4
<P>Biochemical solutions have a wide range of hydrophilicity (contact angle and surface tension) and viscosity. A critical challenge is that microfluidic systems typically need expensive or complex pumps to control the various parallel biochemical streams. In this study, without using any pumps, we present a simple scheme that controls the ratio of the volumetric flow rate (VFR) of the parallel streams that have highly different hydrophilicity and viscosity. We accomplish this process by using capillarity to drive and merge two streams, and by regulating relative flow resistance to control the VFR ratio. Our results will significantly simplify the control of the VFR ratio for the various biochemical solutions that are used in microfluidic applications.</P>