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KyungHwan Moon,Young Ho Kim,Si Hyeock Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.10
Honey bee, Apis mellifera L., have been widely used as a model organism for biological science because of its highly developed sociality, specialized labor division and passive population management. In order to examine the expression patterns of genes putatively involved in social development in honey bee, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) that has been widely used to investigate the expression level of target gene can be used in honey bee study. However, the selection and validation of optimal reference genes is a crucial step prior to running qRT-PCR. In the present study, therefore, the seasonal expression stability of five candidate reference genes in the abdomen of forager and nurse was investigated using three programs (geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper), and selected reference genes were validated by the normalization of expression level of vg encoding vitellogenin. Although three programs revealed slightly different gene stability values, overall the combination of two genes (rpS18 and gapdh encoding ribosomal protein S18 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, respectively) was resulted in the most suitable use for normalization of the target gene in forager. However, a single gene, either rpL32 or rpS18 in the nurse or either rpL32, rpS18, or gapdh in the comparison between foragers and nurses, were suggested to be applied for normalization of seasonal and labor-specific gene expression by qRT-PCR.
Near Infrared Shielding Properties of Quaternary Tungsten Bronze Nanoparticle Na0.11Cs0.22WO3
Kyunghwan Moon,Jin-Ju Cho,Ye-Bin Lee,유필진,박정웅,박주현 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.3
Reduced tungsten bronze nanoparticles of ternary and quaternary compounds were prepared by adding sodium and cesium to crystal structures of tungsten trioxides (NaxCs0.33-xWO3, x = 0, 0.11) while maintaining the overall alkali metal fraction at 0.33, in an attempt to control near infrared (NIR) shielding property in the particular wavelength range of 780 to 1200 nm. The structure and composition analysis of the quaternary compound, Na0.11Cs0.22WO3, revealed that 93.1% of the hexagonal phase was formed, suggesting that both alkali metals were mainly inserted in hexagonal channel. The NIR shielding property for Na0.11Cs0.22WO3 was remarkable, as this material demonstrated efficient transmittance of visible light up to 780 nm and enhancement in NIR shielding because of the blue-shifted absorption maximum in comparison to Cs0.33WO3.
Bioinformatic analysis of three acetylcholinesterases in Haemaphysalis longicornis
KyungHwan Moon,JaeSeok Lee,Donghun Kim,Young Ho Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.04
Haemaphysalis longicornis (H. longicornis) is the most dominant species that accounts for more than 90% of domestic ticks in Korea. It is also a main mediator and propagator of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome virus. In order to efficient control of H. longicornis, it is essential to obtain the genetic information of pesticide target genes and determine the mutations putatively involved in insecticide resistance. Acetylcholinesterase (Ace) is a target gene of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides, but no sequence information of Ace is available to date in H. longicornis. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of H. longicornis and obtained the sequence information of three Ace genes (HlAce1, HlAce2 and HlAce3). Based on the comparison analysis with sequences of multiple ace genes from other hard ticks, mites and insects, three HlAces were grouped in Acari Ace1, Ace2 and Ace3 clade, respectively. Among three HlAces, HlAce1 seems to be major enzyme because of its conserved amino acids involved in catalytic function.
Moon, KyungHwan,Lee, Si Hyeock,Kim, Young Ho 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.2 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Owing to the highly developed sociality, division of labor, and passive population management of their colonies, honey bees, <I>Apis mellifera</I> L., have been widely used as model insects to investigate the physiological roles of the genes putatively involved in social development in insects. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has been broadly applied to investigate the expression patterns of such target genes. However, the selection of suitable reference genes is an essential step to ensure the accurate quantification of target gene transcription levels with this method. Therefore, in this study, we selected seven potential reference genes (<I>rp49, rpL32, rpS18, tbp, tub</I>, <I>gapdh,</I> and <I>ace2</I>) and determined their PCR efficiencies. The seasonal expression efficiencies of five genes (<I>rpL32, rpS18, tbp</I>, <I>gapdh</I>, and <I>ace2</I>) that displayed 90% to 110% amplification efficiencies were then evaluated using three software packages (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper), and were also applied in the normalization of seasonal expression patterns of a target gene (<I>vg</I>) in the abdomens of forager and nurse honey bee workers. The three software packages resulted in slightly different gene stability ranks, but overall the combination of two genes (<I>rpS18</I> and <I>gapdh</I>) was determined to be the most optimal for use in the normalization of target gene expression in forager. However, a single gene (either <I>rpL32</I> or <I>rpS18</I>) should be applied in the nurse. In the comparison between foragers and nurses, either <I>rpL32</I>, <I>rpS18</I>, or <I>gapdh</I>, is suggested to be used as the reference gene for qRT-PCR-based determination of seasonal and labor-specific gene expression profiles.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Reference genes for qRT-PCR assay were validated in the honey bee abdomen. </LI> <LI> We evaluated stability of seasonal and labor-dependent reference gene expression. </LI> <LI> The combination of <I>rpS18</I> and <I>gapdh</I> is required for gene normalization in foragers. </LI> <LI> A single gene, either <I>rpS18</I> or <I>gapdh</I>, can be used as the reference in nurses. </LI> <LI> Either <I>rpS18, rpL32</I>, or <I>gapdh</I> can be used in comparisons of the two worker types. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Moon, Kyunghwan,Cho, Jin-Ju,Lee, Ye-Bin,Yoo, Pil J.,Bark, Chung Wung,Park, Juhyun Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.3
Reduced tungsten bronze nanoparticles of ternary and quaternary compounds were prepared by adding sodium and cesium to crystal structures of tungsten trioxides ($Na_xCs_{0.33-x}WO_3$, x = 0, 0.11) while maintaining the overall alkali metal fraction at 0.33, in an attempt to control near infrared (NIR) shielding property in the particular wavelength range of 780 to 1200 nm. The structure and composition analysis of the quaternary compound, $Na_{0.11}Cs_{0.22}WO_3$, revealed that 93.1% of the hexagonal phase was formed, suggesting that both alkali metals were mainly inserted in hexagonal channel. The NIR shielding property for $Na_{0.11}Cs_{0.22}WO_3$ was remarkable, as this material demonstrated efficient transmittance of visible light up to 780 nm and enhancement in NIR shielding because of the blue-shifted absorption maximum in comparison to $Cs_{0.33}WO_3$.
Moon KyungHwan,Kim Woo Jin,Lee JaeSeok,Kim Donghun,Choi Kwang Shik,Lee Si Hyeock,Kim Young Ho 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.8
The Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann), native to northeast Asian regions, was recently confirmed to have invaded the USA. Although H. longicornis is a medically and economically important pest because it transmits various diseases to humans and livestock, its susceptibility to pesticides has not yet been fully investigated. Moreover, minimal genetic data on H. longicornis that could assist in its control are currently available. Therefore, in this study, to investigate the physiological response of H. longicornis to cypermethrin, a field population of H. longicornis was treated with various concentrations of cypermethrin (100– 500 ppm), and the transcriptomes of a cypermethrin-susceptible group (knock-down at 200 ppm) and cypermethrin-tolerant group (surviving at 500 ppm) were compared. In our analysis of the genes that were differentially expressed between the two groups of ticks, several genes involved in detoxification metabolism were upregulated in the cypermethrin-tolerant group. Expression of genes encoding CYP450, GST, and ABC transporters were substantially higher in cypermethrin-tolerant ticks than in the cypermethrin-susceptible group. Given that CYP450, GST, and ABC transporters contribute to Phase I, II, and III of the detoxification metabolism process, respectively, our results suggest that H. longicornis responds physiologically to cypermethrin by altering the expression of various genes involved in detoxification metabolism, which in turn increases its tolerance to the cypermethrin.