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Dynamic microfiltration with a perforated disk for effective harvesting of microalgae
Kim, Kyochan,Jung, Joo-Young,Kwon, Jong-Hee,Yang, Ji-Won Elsevier 2015 Journal of membrane science Vol.475 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A dynamic microfiltration system has been receiving increasing attention as a means of preventing membrane fouling phenomena that reduce microalgae harvesting efficiency. This study describes the addition of a perforated disk to a dynamic microfiltration system for effective membrane-based microalgae harvesting. Fluid velocity near the membrane surface and shear stress on the membrane surface, as generated by different disks and rotation speeds, were simulated by computational fluid dynamics software, SolidWorks. A high correlation of shear stress on the membrane with microalgae harvesting efficiency was validated by a simulation-based empirical approach. Notably, fluid velocity near the membrane surface and average shear stress on the membrane surface with the perforated disk were approximately 2- and 7-fold, respectively, higher than observed with an unperforated disk. In empirical-experimental microfiltration of <I>Chlorella vulgaris</I>, the perforated disk (800rpm) showed a 2-fold-higher plateau permeate flux of 381L/m<SUP>2</SUP>/h compared with the unperforated disk (800rpm), enabling a 2-fold-greater alleviation of microalgal fouling at the same rotation speed. The perforated disk was found to be an effective generator of high shear stress in dynamic microfiltration, resulting in improved filtration during harvesting of microalgae.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Perforated disk in dynamic filtration was assessed for microalgal harvesting. </LI> <LI> Fluid velocity and shear stress were evaluated by CFD simulation. </LI> <LI> Perforated disk performed better shear stress and filtration than unperforated disk. </LI> <LI> Average shear stress was log-scale-linearly related to flux and fouling resistance. </LI> </UL> </P>
바울의 `지금의 시간`, 벤야민의 `지금시간`, 그리고 아감벤의 `철학적 고고학`
윤교찬 ( Yoon Kyochan ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2016 현대영어영문학 Vol.60 No.4
This paper examines and compares Apostle Paul`s concept of `ho nyn kairos,` Benjamin`s concept of `jetztzeit, and Agamben`s philosophical archaeology. Paul`s kairos is the time of crisis where the past and the present enter into the a constellation in the form of typological relation and recapitulation. What matters to Agamben is the tension that clasps together and transforms past and present. He interprets this contraction of past and present at the decisive moment to be the main feature of Benjamin`s `jetztzeit,` where the past is charged with now-time. For Benjamin, only the redeemed mankind is granted the fullness of its past through historical apocatastasis. In his mystical conception of history, the secular dynamics of history corresponds to the Messianic order in this paradoxical tension. Through philosophical archaeology, Agamben attempts to inquire into a sort of historical a priori, which is inscribed within a history and that can only constitute itself a posteriori with respect to this history. We see the paradoxical aspect of an `a priori` condition, in which the past can be experienced only in and through its inherent forgetting, to be one of the main features of Paul`s recapitulation and Benjamin`s historical apocatastasis. (Hannam University)