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Immunologic and Tissue Biocompatibility of Flexible/Stretchable Electronics and Optoelectronics
Park, Gayoung,Chung, Hyun-Joong,Kim, Kwanghee,Lim, Seon Ah,Kim, Jiyoung,Kim, Yun-Soung,Liu, Yuhao,Yeo, Woon-Hong,Kim, Rak-Hwan,Kim, Stanley S.,Kim, Jong-Seon,Jung, Yei Hwan,Kim, Tae-il,Yee, Cassian,Ro Wiley (John WileySons) 2014 Advanced Healthcare Materials Vol.3 No.4
<P>Recent development of flexible/stretchable integrated electronic sensors and stimulation systems has the potential to establish an important paradigm for implantable electronic devices, where shapes and mechanical properties are matched to those of biological tissues and organs. Demonstrations of tissue and immune biocompatibility are fundamental requirements for application of such kinds of electronics for long-term use in the body. Here, a comprehensive set of experiments studies biocompatibility on four representative flexible/stretchable device platforms, selected on the basis of their versatility and relevance in clinical usage. The devices include flexible silicon field effect transistors (FETs) on polyimide and stretchable silicon FETs, InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and AlInGaPAs LEDs, each on low modulus silicone substrates. Direct cytotoxicity measured by exposure of a surrogate fibroblast line and leachable toxicity by minimum essential medium extraction testing reveal that all of these devices are non-cytotoxic. In vivo immunologic and tissue biocompatibility testing in mice indicate no local inflammation or systemic immunologic responses after four weeks of subcutaneous implantation. The results show that these new classes of flexible implantable devices are suitable for introduction into clinical studies as long-term implantable electronics.</P>
High-performance, polymer-based direct cellular interfaces for electrical stimulation and recording
Kim, Seong-Min,Kim, Nara,Kim, Youngseok,Baik, Min-Seo,Yoo, Minsu,Kim, Dongyoon,Lee, Won-June,Kang, Dong-Hee,Kim, Sohee,Lee, Kwanghee,Yoon, Myung-Han Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2018 NPG Asia Materials Vol.10 No.-
Kim, Jinseck,Kim, Sun Hee,Jung, In Hwan,Jeong, Eunjae,Xia, Yangjun,Cho, Shinuk,Hwang, In-Wook,Lee, Kwanghee,Suh, Hongsuk,Shim, Hong-Ku,Woo, Han Young Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.20 No.8
<P>Two types of indenofluorene-based low bandgap conjugated polymers, poly(6,6′,12,12′-tetraoctylindeno[1,2-b]fluorene-co-4,7-bis(2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) (<B>PIF-DBT</B>) and poly(6,6′,12,12′-tetraoctylindeno[1,2-b]fluorene-co-5,7-dithien-2-yl-thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine) (<B>PIF-DTP</B>), were synthesized and characterized for use in plastic solar cells. The optical, electrochemical, charge carrier mobility, morphological and photovoltaic characteristics were investigated. The number-average molecular weights of the polymers measured by gel permeation chromatography ranged from 19 000 to 27 000 g mol<SUP>−1</SUP>. The polymers were fairly soluble in common organic solvents and formed optical-quality films by spin casting. Photophysical studies revealed a low bandgap of ∼1.9 eV for <B>PIF-DBT</B> and ∼1.6 eV for <B>PIF-DTP</B>, respectively, which could harvest the broad solar spectrum covering from 300 nm to 650 nm (<B>PIF-DBT</B>), and from 300 nm to 800 nm (<B>PIF-DTP</B>) in film. An electrochemical study confirmed the desirable HOMO/LUMO levels of the copolymers, which enable efficient electron transfer and a high open circuit voltage when blending them with fullerene derivatives. The field effect mobility measurements showed a hole mobility of 10<SUP>−5</SUP>∼10<SUP>−3</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> for the copolymers. The film surface morphology was also studied by atomic force microscopy. Among the polyindenofluorene copolymers, <B>PIF-DBT50</B> (containing 50 mol% DBT) showed the best photovoltaic performance with an open circuit voltage of 0.77 V, a short circuit current of 5.50 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> and a power conversion efficiency of 1.70% when the polymers were blended with PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM, under air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm<SUP>−2</SUP>) illumination conditions.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The indenofluorene-based copolymers were synthesized and their photovoltaic properties were investigated. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b919033c'> </P>
Kim, Jinwoo,Jin, Youngeup,Kim, Jaehong,Jung, Jaeyeon,Kim, Sun Hee,Lee, Kwanghee,Suh, Hongsuk Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.47 No.5
<P>The syntheses and characterization of poly((2,6-(4,4-bis(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene))-co-(2,6-(4,4-bis(4-(((9-carbazolyl)hexyl)oxy)phenyl))-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene)) (BCzPh-PCPPs) and poly((2,6-(4,4-bis(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene))-co-(2,6-(4-(4-(((9-carbazolyl)hexyl)oxy)phenyl)-4-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene))) (CzPh-PCPPs), with carbazole unit as pendants, are presented. The carbazole moiety, which can improve the hole injection ability, was introduced as a pendant on the PCPP backbone. The devices of the polymers with the configurations of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymers/Ca/Al generate EL emission with maximum peaks at 400–450 nm, CIE coordinates of (x = 0.11–0.29, y = 0.11–0.33), low turn-on voltages of 4–6 V, maximum brightness of 60–810 cd/m<SUP>2</SUP>, and luminescence efficiencies of 0.04–0.22 cd/A. The PL spectra of CzPh-PCPPs films did not show any peak at around 550 nm, which corresponds to keto defect or aggregate/excimer formation, even after annealing for 30 h at 150 °C in air. Out of the series, CzPh-PCPP1 (PCPP derivative with 10% of carbazole moiety as pendant) shows blue emission with the maximum brightness of 810 cd/m<SUP>2</SUP> at 9 V, and the highest luminescence efficiency of 0.22 cd/A at 395 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1327–1342, 2009</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>The conjugated copolymers of BCzPh-PCPPs and CzPh-PCPPs with carbazole pendant were synthesized by Suzuki reaction. The carbazole moiety, which can improve the hole injection ability, was introduced as a pendant on the PCPP backbone. Their thermal, electrochemical, photoluminescent, and electroluminescent properties were investigated. <img src='wiley_img/0887624X-2009-47-5-POLA23241-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/0887624X-2009-47-5-POLA23241-gra001'> </P>
Kim, Sung Tae,Kim, Dong-Joo,Kim, Tae-Jin,Seo, Deok-Won,Kim, Tae-Hong,Lee, Seung-Yong,Kim, Kwanghee,Lee, Kyung-Mi,Lee, Sang-Kwon American Chemical Society 2010 NANO LETTERS Vol.10 No.8
<P>Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) offer promising inorganic nanostructures for biomedical application. Here, we report the development of a novel SiNW array designed for isolating primary CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T lymphocytes from the heterogeneous mixture of cell populations. Our system employed the specific high-affinity binding features of streptavidin (STR)-functionalized SiNW with biotin-labeled CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T lymphocytes. Fabricated SiNW arrays easily separated the CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T lymphocytes from the mouse whole splenocytes with over ∼88% purity and demonstrated tight attachment to CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T lymphocytes by scanning electron microscopy. Thus, our STR-SiNW arrays provide a potential tool for specific cell separation and further present a possibility to be applied to the other area of biomedical applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2010/nalefd.2010.10.issue-8/nl100942p/production/images/medium/nl-2010-00942p_0007.gif'></P>