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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Kuwana, Eiko (검색결과 1 건)
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Kuwana, Eiko University of California, Berkeley 2002 해외박사(DDOD)
This dissertation investigates the important role played by the radical intellectuals associated with the journal <italic>Huszadik Század</italic> [Twentieth Century] and the Social Scientific Society, its mother organization, in Hungary at the dawn of the last century. Members of the group, known as the <italic>Huszadik Század</italic> Circle, were mostly, though not exclusively, people of Jewish background. In contrast to their counterparts in other East European societies, where educated men were expected to be either nationalists or revolutionary fighters, these Budapest intellectuals believed in the power of science and the overarching universality of reason. They also believed that only intellectuals, freed from the constraints of self-interest and group egoism that marred all other classes, were capable of correctly diagnosing the problems of their society and determining the course of future action. As Oszkár Jászi, a leading figure in the Circle, would find out during his sojourn in Paris in 1905, their ideas about the intellectuals' unique responsibility to society had much in common with those held by the French Dreyfusard intellectuals, such as the socialist Lucien Herr and the sociologist Emile Durkheim. His experiences in Paris convinced Jászi of the need to organize a social movement led by intellectuals like himself and aimed at the far-reaching transformation of Hungarian society. Ervin Szabó another prominent member of the Circle, had close personal ties with Robert Michels and the French syndicalists. Szabó developed a new, more dynamic vision of socialism based on the spontaneity and freedom of the individual which was reminiscent of the works of Georges Sorel. The political crisis of 1905–06 gave these intellectuals a long-awaited opportunity to rally for their cause. Initiatives such as the League for Universal Secret Suffrage and the Free School of Social Sciences prove that the <italic> Huszadik Század</italic> Circle became a leading force of progress in a country where neither the bourgeoisie nor the working class had the strength to challenge the longstanding dominance of the landowning nobility.
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