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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Kunst, Ljerka (검색결과 3 건)
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Comparative Test on Single- and Two-Stage Ammonium Oxidation of an Ammonium-Rich Wastewater
Seo, Jeoung-Yoon,Tobias Gaul,Sabine Kunst 7개 국립대학교 환경연구논문집 공동발행 위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-
To efficiently remove nitrogens of sludge liquor from the sludge digestion devatering facility of The Communal Wastewater Treatmment Plant in Osnabruck, Germany, biotechnological deammonification prosesses are tested. This sludge liquor was treated biologically in single-(V=1.0㎥) and two-stange reactor(V=2x0.5㎥) during a test period of over 9 months in order to compare which system is more suitable for the ammonium elimination. All the operating parameters were set at a range where the nitratation couble be sufficiently inhibited. Nevertheless, both pilot plants could not remove the nitrogen of the sludge liquor in optimum. In single-stage reactor, an average removal efficiency of 29.8% for ammonium, and 19.5% for total nitrogen, was observed related to the influent load, whereas in two-stage reactor, 4.5, 25.3%, for ammonium in the first and in the second reactor, 11.5 and 14.0% for total nitrogen in the first and in the second reactor, respectively. In addition, an average nitrogen elimination rate in single-stage reactor was 0.06kg NH_(4)^(1)-Nm^(3)_(reactor) d^(-1)(29.8%) and 0.04kg N_(total)m^(-3)_(reactor)d^(1)(19.5%), while in two-stage reactor, an average elimination rate in respect to the influent flou to the first reactor was 0.08kg NH_(4)^(+)-Nm^(-3)_(reactor)d^(-1)(21.1%), 0.01kg NH_(4)^(+)-Nm^(-3)_(reactor) d^(-1)(2.6%) for the first and the second reactor 0.03kg N_(reactor) d^(-1)(7.9%) and 0.01kg N_(total) d^(-1)(2.6%) for first and second reactor. The avcrage NH_(4)^(+)-N removal effciency was a little higher by 8.8% in single-stage reactor than in two-stage reactor. An average COD_(Cr) removal efficiency for single-stage reactor, first and secod reactor of two-stage reactor was 46.0, 35,5 and 35,8%, respectively. The nitrate concentration was very low during the experimintal period except for the early short period. An average dilution rate was 0.38d^(-1) for single-stage reactor adn 0.64d^(-1) for each reactor of two-stage reactor.
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Preliminary Test on Single- and Two-Stage Ammonium Oxidation of an Ammonium-Rich Wastewater
Seo, Jeoung-Yoon,Tobias Gaul,Sabine Kunst 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2004 공업기술연구 Vol.4 No.-
Sludge liquor from the sludge digestion dewatering facility of a communal wastewater treatment plant germany can be significantly improved when new biotechnological deammonification processes are introduced. This sludge liquor was treated biologically in single-(V=1.0㎥) and two-stage reactor (V=20.5㎥) during a test period of about 4 months in order to compare which system is more suitable for the ammonium elimination. All the operating parameters were set at a range where the nitratation could be sufficiently inhibited. Nevertheless, both pilot plants were not yct optimized for the treatment of sludge liquor. In single-stage reactor, an average removal efficiency of 34.3% for ammonium, and 13.6% for total nitrogen was observed related to the influent load, whereas in two-stage, 25.2, 0.3% for a ammonium in the first and in the second reactor, 15.4 and 2.2% for total nitrogen in the first and in the second reactor, respectively. In addition, an average nitrogen elimination rate in single-stage reactor was 0.04㎏ NH_(4)-Nm^(-3)_(reactor) d^(-1) (21.1%), 0.01㎏ NH_(4)-NM^(-3)_(reactor) d^(-1) (2.6%) for the first and the second reactor, 0.04㎏ N_(total) m^(-3)_(reactor) d^(-1) (10.3%) and 0.01㎏ N_(total) m^(-3)_(reactor) d^(-1) _2.5%) for first and second reactor, respectively. The average NH_(4)-N removal efficiency was a little higher by 8.8% in single-stage reactor than in two-stage reactor. An average COD removal efficiency for single-stage reactor, first and second reactor of two-stage reactor was 30.5, 27.7 and 1.6%, respectively. The nitrate concentration was very low during the experimental period except for the early short period. An average dilution rate was 0.36 d^(-1) for single-stage reactor and 0.42 d^(-1) for each reactor of two-stage reactor.
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Cuticular lipid composition, surface structure, and gene expression in Arabidopsis stem epidermis.
Suh, Mi Chung,Samuels, A Lacey,Jetter, Reinhard,Kunst, Ljerka,Pollard, Mike,Ohlrogge, John,Beisson, Fred American Society of Plant Physiologists 2005 Plant Physiology Vol.139 No.4
<P>All vascular plants are protected from the environment by a cuticle, a lipophilic layer synthesized by epidermal cells and composed of a cutin polymer matrix and waxes. The mechanism by which epidermal cells accumulate and assemble cuticle components in rapidly expanding organs is largely unknown. We have begun to address this question by analyzing the lipid compositional variance, the surface micromorphology, and the transcriptome of epidermal cells in elongating Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) stems. The rate of cell elongation is maximal near the apical meristem and decreases steeply toward the middle of the stem, where it is 10 times slower. During and after this elongation, the cuticular wax load and composition remain remarkably constant (32 microg/cm2), indicating that the biosynthetic flux into waxes is closely matched to surface area expansion. By contrast, the load of polyester monomers per unit surface area decreases more than 2-fold from the upper (8 microg/cm2) to the lower (3 microg/cm2) portion of the stem, although the compositional variance is minor. To aid identification of proteins involved in the biosynthesis of waxes and cutin, we have isolated epidermal peels from Arabidopsis stems and determined transcript profiles in both rapidly expanding and nonexpanding cells. This transcriptome analysis was validated by the correct classification of known epidermis-specific genes. The 15% transcripts preferentially expressed in the epidermis were enriched in genes encoding proteins predicted to be membrane associated and involved in lipid metabolism. An analysis of the lipid-related subset is presented.</P>
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