Gene flow in malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) across the Aravalli Hills in North-west India

VIPIN,Madhulika DUBE,Surendra Kumar GAKHAR 한국곤충학회 2010 Entomological Research Vol.40 No.2

The population structure of An. stephensi in North-west India was studied to assess the impact of the Aravalli Hills, as a barrier to gene flow using microsatellite markers. Large and significant genetic differentiation was found along the sides of, as well as across, the Aravalli Hills as the mean FST and RST on west vs. east of the Aravalli Hills were 0.213, 0.112 and 0.179, 0.056, respectively. Similarly, across the hills, mean values of FST and RST were 0.100 and 0.094, respectively. Genetic diversity on both sides did not vary significantly. The FST values were more sensitive than RST values, indicating that genetic drift might have caused genetic differentiation between populations. A positive correlation (r = 0.0149 and 0.157, respective to FST and RST) was found between genetic differentiations and geographic distances irrespective of the hills. Low level of gene flow was found along both sides (Nm = 0.92 and 0.14; west vs. east of Aravalli Hills, respectively) as compared to across the Aravalli Hills (Nm = 2.25). It was found that the Aravalli Hills are not working as an effective barrier to gene flow for An. Stephensi, maybe because of the low average height and discontinuous hills, however, the distance is playing a major role for differentiation between populations due to active mode of dispersal of An. stephensi mosquitoes which have a short flight range. All this information should help draw the strategies for genetic control of mosquitoes using transgenic mosquitoes.

Ruptured mirror DACA aneurysm: A rare case report and review of literature

Deepak Kumar Singh,Prevesh Kumar Sharma,Arun Kumar Singh,Vipin Kumar Chand 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2023 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.25 No.3

Bilateral distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms also called “kissing aneurysms” or “mirror aneurysm” are extremely rare, accounting for only 0.2% of all intracranial aneurysms. There have only been a few examples of mirror DACA aneurysms reported in the literature. Here, we report a rare case of mirror DACA aneurysm in a middle aged female with its successful clipping. Patient was admitted with severe headache and altered sensorium. Computed tomography (CT) head was suggestive of anterior inter-hemispheric hematoma. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was done which was suggestive of two distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms located at same anatomical position. It was treated through microsurgical clipping. Mirror image DACA aneurysms are rare occurrence. All patients with ruptured DACA aneurysms should have angiography with 3D reconstruction studies. This aids in determining the aneurysm’s morphology and planning treatment accordingly.

Effect of preoperative incentive spirometry on fentanyl-induced cough: a prospective, randomized, controlled study

Vipin Kumar Goyal,Suresh Kumar Bhargava,Birbal Baj 대한마취통증의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.70 No.5

Background: Fentanyl-induced cough (FIC) has a reported incidence of 13–65% on induction of anesthesia. Incentive spirometry (IS) creates forceful inspiration, while stretching pulmonary receptors. We postulated that spirometry just before the fentanyl (F) bolus would decrease the incidence and severity of FIC. Methods: This study enrolled 200 patients aged 18–60 years and with American Society of Anesthesiologists status I or II. The patients were allocated to two groups of 100 patients each depending on whether they received preoperative incentive spirometry before fentanyl administration. Patients in the F+IS group performed incentive spirometry 10 times just before an intravenous bolus of 3 μg/kg fentanyl in the operating room. The onset time and number of coughs after fentanyl injection were recorded as primary outcomes. Any significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, or adverse effects of the drug were recorded as secondary outcomes. Results: Patients in the F+IS group had a significantly lower incidence of FIC than in the F group (6% vs. 26%) (P < 0.05). The severity of cough in the F+IS group was also significantly lower than that in group F (mild, 5 vs. 17; moderate 1 vs. 7; severe, 0 vs. 2) (P < 0.05). The median onset time was comparable in both groups (9 s [range: 6–12 s] in both groups). Conclusions: Preoperative incentive spirometry significantly reduces the incidence and severity of FIC when performed just before fentanyl administration.

Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization: An Introduction

Vipin Kumar,Sonajharia Minz 한국산학기술학회 2014 SmartCR Vol.4 No.5

In the real world, reconciling a choice between multiple conflicting objectives is a common problem. Solutions to a multi-objective problem are those that have the best possible negotiation given the objectives. An evolutionary algorithm called Particle swarm optimization is used to find a solution from the solution space. It is a population-based optimization technique that is effective, efficient, and easy to implement. Changes in the particle swarm optimization technique are required in order to get solutions to a multi-objective optimization problem. Therefore, this paper provides the proper concept of particle swarm optimization and the multi-objective optimization problem in order to build a basic background with which to conduct multi-objective particle swarm optimization. Then, we discuss multi-objective particle swarm optimization concepts. Multi-objective particle swarm optimization techniques and some of the most important future research directions are also included.

Two‐dimensional Janus group‐III ternary chalcogenide monolayer compounds B 2 XY , Al 2 XY , and BAlX 2 (X, Y = S, Se, Te) with high carrier mobilities

Kumar Vipin,Jung Jaehoon 대한화학회 2022 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.43 No.1

First-principles approach based on density functional theory is employed in order to investigate the structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of the two-dimensional Janus group-III ternary chalcogenide monolayer (G3TCM) semiconductor series, B2XY, Al2XY, and BAlX2 (X, Y = S, Se, Te; X ≠ Y). The effective masses, band gaps, and carrier mobilities of the entire series of Janus G3TCM compounds are evaluated to comprehensively examine their feasibility as an ingredient in nanoscale electronic device. All the G3TCM compounds proposed in this study are suggested to be realizable based on phonon calculations and estimated mechanical stability. The indirect bandgap of B2XY and Al2 XY can be switched to direct bandgap in BAlX2 by constructing Janus-type structure using group-III elements. The computationally obtained carrier mobilities according to the deformation potential theory indicated that B2SSe and BAlSe2 have exceptional electron and hole carrier mobility of 2.02 104 and 2.58 105 cm2 V1 s1, respectively, at room temperature.

Laser driven terahertz generation in hot plasma with step density profile

Kumar, Manoj,Tripathi, Vipin Kumar,Jeong, Young Uk American Institute of Physics 2015 Physics of plasmas Vol.22 No.6

Feature Selection

Vipin Kumar,Sonajharia Minz 한국산학기술학회 2014 SmartCR Vol.4 No.3

Relevant feature identification has become an essential task to apply data mining algorithms effectively in real-world scenarios. Therefore, many feature selection methods have been proposed to obtain the relevant feature or feature subsets in the literature to achieve their objectives of classification and clustering. This paper introduces the concepts of feature relevance, general procedures, evaluation criteria, and the characteristics of feature selection. A comprehensive overview, categorization, and comparison of existing feature selection methods are also done, and the guidelines are also provided for user to select a feature selection algorithm without knowing the information of each algorithm. We conclude this work with real world applications, challenges, and future research directions of feature selection.

Density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory studies on optoelectronic properties of fused heterocycles with cyclooctatetraene

Kumar Vipin,Tripathi Anuj,Choi Seyong,Chitumalla Ramesh Kumar,서지연,장준경,Chetti Prabhakar 대한화학회 2022 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.43 No.7

We establish a structure–property relation for the system having a cyclooctatetraene (COT) ring fused with four five-membered heterocyclic rings. The two five-membered heterocycles selected are furan and selenophene and their fused structure with COT is known as cyclooctatetrafuran (COF) and cyclooctatetraselenophene (COSe), respectively. We found 15 geometrical isomers of each COF and COSe and their structural stability and optoelectronic properties have been evaluated by quantum chemical simulations. The density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT simulations were employed for a systematic review of all isomers. Electronic excitations, hole reorganization energies, electron reorganization energies, ionization potentials, and electron affinities, of all the isomers, were reported. Based on our comparative study, it is shown that one of the isomers is suggested as a better charge transport material.

Morin ameliorates myocardial injury in diabetic rats via modulation of inflammatory pathways

Vipin Kumar Verma,Salma Malik,Ekta Mutneja,Anil Kumar Sahu,Vaishali Prajapati,Prashant Mishra,Jagriti Bhatia,Dharamveer Singh Arya 한국실험동물학회 2024 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.40 No.1

Background: High blood glucose levels in diabetes lead to vascular inflammation which accelerates atherosclerosis. Herein, Morin was orally administered in male Wistar rats, at the dose of 40 mg/kg for 28 days, and on the 27th and 28th day, ISO was administered to designate groups at the dose of 85 mg/kg s.c., to induce myocardial infarction. Results: Free radical generation, including ROS, in diabetes following ISO administration, leads to the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Morin significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced oxidative stress (GSH, MDA, SOD), cardiac injury markers (CK-MB, LDH), inflammation (TNF, IL-6), and apoptosis (Bax, BCl2, Caspase-3). In addition, it also reduced insulin and blood glucose levels. Akt/eNOS, Nrf2/HO-1, MAPK signaling pathways, and Insulin signal transduction pathways were positively modulated by morin pre-treatment. Conclusions: Morin attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation and also modified the activity of various molecular pathways to mitigate cardiomyocyte damage during ISO-induced MI in diabetic rats.

Pharmacokinetics and hypoglycemic effect of gliclazide loaded in Isabgol husk mucilage microparticles

Kumar Vipin,Mazumder Bhaskar,Sharma Prince Prashant,Ahmed Yusra 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.2

Purpose Among the several therapeutic agents available for the management of diabetes mellitus, sulfonylureas such as gliclazide have several advantages. The hypoglycemic effect and bioavailability of gliclazide loaded in Isabgol husk mucilage microparticles were assessed. The hypoglycemic effect of drug-loaded microparticles was compared with that of pure gliclazide. Methods Gliclazide was incorporated into Isabgol husk mucilage microparticles using an emulsification-crosslinking technique. Gliclazide characterization was performed using a chromatographic method. Results Gliclazide loading in the microparticles was up to 91.23 ± 0.981% w/w. The pharmacokinetic parameters for pure gliclazide (control) were different from those of gliclazide loaded in microparticles (test). After oral administration, the AUC 0–24 h of gliclazide in blood samples of the control and test groups was 10.840 ± 0.018 and 17.608 ± 0.035 μg/(mL h), respectively. In 24 h after oral administration, the percentage reduction from the baseline glucose level in diabetic rabbits was 36.66 ± 4.509% and 98.11 ± 1.018% for the test and control groups, respectively. Conclusion The prolonged hypoglycemic effect and increased bioavailability of gliclazide loaded in Isabgol husk microparticles compared with those of pure drug indicate the applicability of the microparticulate formulation as a novel anti-diabetic drug delivery system.