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Dhiraj Kumar Chaudhary,Rishikesh Bajagain,Seung-Woo Jeong,Jaisoo Kim 대한환경공학회 2020 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.25 No.3
A large residual fraction of aliphatic components of diesel prevails in soil, which has adverse effects on the environment. This study identified the most bio-recalcitrant aliphatic residual fraction of diesel through total petroleum-hydrocarbon fractional analysis. For this, the strain Acinetobacter sp. K-6 was isolated, identified, and characterized and investigated its ability to degrade diesel and n-alkanes (C18, C20, and C22). The removal efficiency was analysed after treatment with bacteria and nutrients in various soil microcosms. The fractional analysis of diesel degradation after treatment with the bacterial strains identified C18-C22 hydrocarbons as the most bio-recalcitrant aliphatic fraction of diesel oil. Acinetobacter sp. K-6 degraded 59.2% of diesel oil and 56.4% of C18-C22 hydrocarbons in the contaminated soil. The degradation efficiency was further improved using a combinatorial approach of biostimulation and bioaugmentation, which resulted in 76.7% and 73.7% higher degradation of diesel oil and C18-C22 hydrocarbons, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that the removal of mid-length, non-volatile hydrocarbons is affected by the population of bio-degraders and the nutrients used in the process of remediation. A combinatorial approach, including biostimulation and bioaugmentation, could be used to effectively remove large quantities of aliphatic hydrocarbons persisting for a longer period in the soil.
Kumar Naresh,Patel Ravish,Tan Barry Wei Loong,Tan Jiong Hao,Pandita Naveen,Sonawane Dhiraj,Lopez Keith Gerard,Wai Khin Lay,Hey Hwee Weng Dennis,Kumar Aravind,Liu Gabriel Ka-Po 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.5
Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Purpose: To study the incidence, onset, underlying mechanism, clinical course, and factors leading to asymptomatic construct failure (AsCF) after metastatic spinal tumor surgery (MSTS). Overview of Literature: The reported incidence rates for implant and/or construct failure after MSTS are low (1.9%–16%) and based on clinical presentations and revisions required for symptomatic failures (SFs). AsCF after MSTS has not been reported. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 288 patients (246 for final analysis) who underwent MSTS between 2005–2015. Data collected were demographics and peri/postoperative clinical and radiological features. Early and late radiological AsCF were defined as presentation before and after 3 months, respectively. We analyzed patients with AsCF for risk factors and survival duration by performing competing risk regression analyses where AsCF was the event of interest, with SF and death as competing events. Results: We observed AsCF in 41/246 patients (16.7%). The mean time to onset of AsCF after MSTS was 2 months (range, 1–9 months). Median survival of patients with AsCF was 20 and 41 months for early and late failures, respectively. Early AsCF accounted for 80.5% of cases, while late AsCF accounted for 19.5%. The commonest radiologically detectable AsCF mechanism was angular deformity (increase in kyphus) in 29 patients. Increasing age (p<0.02) and primary breast (13/41, 31.7%) (p<0.01) tumors were associated with higher AsCF rates. There was a non-significant trend towards AsCF in patients with a spinal instability neoplastic score ≥7, instrumentation across junctional regions, and construct lengths of 6–9 levels. None of the patients with AsCF underwent revision surgery. Conclusions: AsCF after MSTS is a distinct entity. Most patients with early AsCF did not require intervention. Patients who survived and maintained ambulation for longer periods had late failure. Increasing age and tumors with a better prognosis have a higher likelihood of developing AsCF. AsCF is not necessarily an indication for aggressive/urgent intervention.
Dhiraj Kumar,Zhenli Sun,Guangli Cao,Renyu Xue,Xiaolong Hu,Chengliang Gong 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.2
The wild silkworm B. mandarina is living in the natural environment has a strong stress resistance and adaptability after harsh natural selection. The indoor rearing or domestication of the wild silkworm under artificial custody for long period deteriorates stress resistance and ecological adaptability. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of artificial domestication and evolutionary pressure on the gut bacterial diversity of B. mandarina and B. mori. The intestinal content of 6th day of fifth instar B. mandarina and B. mori larvae were analyzed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene through Illumina miseq sequencing technology. The outcome of the study revealed that abundance of predominant bacteria of phylum Firmicutes were respectively 81.40% and 81.85% in the late fifth instar silkworm larvae (6th day) of B. mandarina and B. mori. In Firmicutes, abundance of predominant bacterial genus Enterococcus in B. mandarina (69.73%) was comparatively higher than B. mori (48.99%). The genus Advenella belongs to phylum Proteobacteria was recorded only in B. mandarina (11.54%). The abundance of Unclassified_Peptostreptococcaceae, Methanobrevibacter, Ignatzschineria, Petrimonas and Proteiniphilum in B. mandarina were between 0.12 and 0.17%, nevertheless, these bacterial genera were not detected in B. mori. The abundance of genera Lactococcus, Bacillus and Pseudomonas in B. mori (17.73%, 5.02%, and 1.61%) were remarkably higher than B. mandarina (0.15%, 0.54% and 0.45%). These results indicated that substantial difference was observed between the intestinal bacteria of B. mori and B. mandarina population, and structure of the intestinal bacteria could be affected by the artificial domestication and evolutionary pressure.
Dyella agri sp. nov., isolated from reclaimed grassland soil
Chaudhary, Dhiraj Kumar,Kim, Jaisoo Microbiology Society 2017 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.67 No.10
<P>A novel strain, DKC-1(T), was isolated from reclaimed grassland soil and was characterized taxonomically by a polyphasic approach. Strain DKC-1(T) was a Gram-staining-negative, light-yellow-coloured and rod shaped bacterium, motile with polar flagellum. It was able to grow at 20-37 degrees C, at pH 4.5-9.0 and with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain DKC-1T formed a Glade within the members of the genus Dyella and showed highest sequence similarities to Dyella japonica XD53(T) (98.36 %), Rhodanobacter aciditrophus sjH1(T) (97.92 %), Rhodanobacter koreensis THG-DD7(T) (97.74 %), Dyella kyungheensis THG-B117(T) (97.65 %) and Rhodanobacter terrae GP18-1(T) (97.40 %). The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine. The predominant fatty acids of strain DKC-1(T) were iso-C-16:0, iso-C-15:0, summed feature 9 (iso-C-17:1 omega 9c and/or C-16:0 10-methyl), iso-C-17:0, iso-C-11:0 3-OH and iso-C-11:0. The genomic DNA G+C content of this novel strain was 63.1 mol%. The DNA DNA relatedness between strain DKC-1(T) and its reference strains (a japonica XD53(T), R. aciditrophus sjH1(T), R. koreensis THG-DD7(T), a kyungheensis THG-B117(T) and R. terrae GP18-1(T)) was 52.3, 44.7, 38.7, 49.0 and 32.7 %, respectively, which falls below the threshold value of 70 % for the strain to be considered as novel. The morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguished this strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Thus, strain DKC-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Dyella, for which the name Dyella agri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DKC-1(T) (=KEMB 9005-57(T)=KACC 191 76(T)=JCM 31925(T)).</P>
Test of consistency between Planck and WMAP
Hazra, Dhiraj Kumar,Shafieloo, Arman American Physical Society 2014 PHYSICAL REVIEW D - Vol.89 No.4
Within the context of the concordance model of cosmology we test the consistency of the angular power spectrum data from WMAP and Planck looking for possible systematics. The best fit concordance model to each observation is used as a mean function along with a Crossing function with an orthogonal basis to fit the data from the other observation searching for any possible deviation. We report that allowing an overall amplitude shift in the observed angular power spectra of the two observations, the best fit mean function from Planck data is consisten twith WMAP9-year data but the best fit mean function generated from WMAP-9 data is not consistent with Planck data at the 3 sigma level. This is an expected result when there is no clear systematic/tension between two observations and one of them has a considerably higher precision. We conclude that there is no clear tension between Planck and WMAP9-year angular power spectrum data from a statistical point of view (allowing the overall amplitude shift). Our result highlights the fact that while the angular power spectrum from cosmic microwave background observations is a function of various cosmological parameters, comparing individual parameters might be misleading in the presence of cosmographic degeneracies. Another main result of our analysis is the importance of the overall amplitudes of the observed spectra from Planck and WMA Pobservations. Fixing the amplitudes at their reported values results in an unresolvable tension between the two observations at more than 3 sigma level which can be a hint towards a serious systematic.