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Kim, Jaisoo,Koo, So-Yeon,Kim, Ji-Young,Lee, Eun-Hee,Lee, Sang-Don,Ko, Kyung-Seok,Ko, Dong-Chan,Cho, Kyung-Suk Springer-Verlag 2009 Environmental geology Vol.58 No.7
<P>The effects of acid mine drainage (AMD) in a stream and groundwater near an abandoned copper mine were characterized by physicochemical properties, bacterial community structure using denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis (DGGE), and microbial activity/diversity using Ecoplate technique. Based on DGGE fingerprints, the eubacterial community structures grouped into the stream water (GRS1, GRS2 and GRS3) and groundwater samples (GW1 and GW2), apparently based on differences in water temperature and the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nitrate and sulfate. The most highly AMD-contaminated sample (GRS1) had additional alpha-Proteobacteria whereas the groundwater samples included additional beta-Proteobacteria, suggesting the development of populations resistant to AMD toxicity under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. Community level physiological activities on the 31 Ecoplate substrates suggested that the activities decreased with increasing concentrations of sulfate and heavy metals derived from AMD. The Shannon index showed that microbial diversity was greatest in GRS2, and lowest in GRS1, and was probably related to the level of AMD.</P>
Rhizosphere Microbial Activity During Phytoremediation of Diesel-Contaminated Soil
KIM, JAISOO,KANG, SEUNG-HEE,MIN, KYUNG-AH,CHO, KYUNG-SUK,LEE, IN-SOOK Taylor Francis 2006 Journal of environmental science and health. Part Vol.41 No.11
<P>To know microbial activity and diesel-removal efficiency influencing through plant roots, we examined the effect of the rhizosphere on phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils by alfalfa (<I>Medicago sativa</I> L.). Pots were treated with and without diesel and allowed to stabilize for 7 weeks, at which time four experimental/control groups were prepared: (1) planted diesel-contaminated soil, (2) unplanted diesel-contaminated soil, (3) planted uncontaminated soil, and (4) unplanted uncontaminated soil. Samples of rhizosphere and bulk soils were separately taken from all planted pots. After 7 weeks of alfalfa growth from seeds, the removal efficiencies in rhizosphere and bulk soil samples were 82.5% and 36.5∼ 59.4%, respectively. The total microbial activity was highest in diesel-contaminated rhizosphere soils. Significantly more culturable soil bacteria and hydrocarbon-degraders were found in diesel-contaminated rhizosphere soil versus unplanted and uncontaminated bulk soil, with a greater increase seen in hydrocarbon-degraders (172-fold) versus general soil bacteria (14-fold). DGGE (Denaturing Gel Gradient Electrophoresis) analysis revealed that the bacterial community structure was most highly influenced by the combined presence of diesel contamination and plant roots (39.13% similarity compared to the control), but that diesel contamination alone had a higher influence (42.31% similarity compared to the control) than the rhizosphere (50.00% similarity compared to the control). Sequence analysis and BLAST searches revealed that all samples were dominated by members of <I>α -</I>, <I>&ggr; -</I>, <I>&dgr; -</I> and <I>&epsis; -proteobacteria</I>, and <I>Chloroflexi</I>. The rhizosphere samples additionally contained novel dominant members of <I>α -proteobacteria</I> and <I>Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides</I>, while the diesel samples contained additional dominant <I>α -proteobacteria</I> and the rhizosphere plus diesel samples contained other <I>&epsis; -proteobacteria</I>. Collectively, these findings indicate that the presence of plant roots (i.e., a rhizosphere) had a greater effect on bacterial activity in diesel contamination than did the absence of diesel contamination, whereas diesel contamination had a greater effect on bacterial community structure. These novel findings provide new insight into the mechanisms of phytoremediation.</P>
매립지 침출수로 오염된 지하수의 미생물 군집 구조 특성
김재수(Jaisoo KIM),윤다희(Da Hee YUN),이정희(Jung Hee LEE),조윤성(Yoon Sung CHO),이상돈(Sang Don LEE),조경숙(Kyung Suk CHO),고동찬(Dong Chan KOH),고경석(Kyung Seok KO) 한국생태공학회 2010 한국생태공학회지 Vol.1 No.1
The microbial community properties of groundwater samples contaminated with landfill leachate were examined by two methods: (1) Ecoplate including 31 sole carbon sources and (2) DGGE method using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) products of 16S rDNA. The samples were contaminated groundwater (KB01~03, KB05~09, KSG07, 11), uncontaminated ground water (KB10), leachate (LA), and treated leachate (NMW01). Average well color development (AWCD) analysis demonstrated that the potential activity on 31 substrates was highest in KB10, which was farthest (except KSG11) from the landfill and lowest in KB02 and KSG07, which were closest to the landfill. Principal component analysis (PCA) on similarity between samples did not show a specific grouping but NMW01 was much different from the others, coinciding with lack of nutrients probably due to treatment. Shannon index showed that the microbial diversities were similar among the samples, except KSG07 assuming high contamination. In the comparison of DGGE fingerprint patterns, the similarity was highest between KB05 and KB08 (53.8%), probably due to close site location and lowest between NMW01 and KB03 (10.0%), assumingly due to different contamination levels.
김재수,김민호,Kim, Jaisoo,Kim, Min-Ho 한국미생물학회 2019 미생물학회지 Vol.55 No.2
대부분의 만성창상(chronic wounds)은 생물막으로 인해 상처 치유시 염증단계를 지속시킨다. 생물막은 항생제(antibiotics)에 대한 저항성을 가지며 침투력을 저하시키고 살균제(biocides)에 대한 내성을 지니며 국소면역반응을 약화시킨다. 또한 생물막은 주변의 조직에 단단히 붙어 있어 제거하는 작업이 매우 어렵다. 그러므로 주변 조직을 손상시키지 않으면서 단단한 생물막을 제거하는 전략은 매우 중요하다. 그 중에 하나가 분산기작을 이용한 생물막의 해체이며 지금까지 많은 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 본 고찰논문에서는 특별히 화학주성, 파지요법, 다당류, 다양한 효소(당분해효소, 단백질분해효소, DNA 분해효소), 계면활성제, 분산신호, 자기유도인자, 조절인자, 억제제 등이 소개되었으며 더 나아가 항생제 치료 및 다른 치료와의 병행을 통한 병합요법도 소개되었다. 앞으로 본 논문에서 제시된 생물막의 분산기작의 지식을 이용하여 만성 창상 감염치료의 가능성이 더 높아지길 기대한다. Most chronic wounds persist in the inflammatory phase during wound healing due to the biofilm. Biofilms are resistant to antibiotics, weakening penetration, resistance to biocides and weakening local immune responses. The biofilm is firmly attached to the surrounding tissues and is very difficult to remove. Therefore, strategies to remove hard biofilms without damaging surrounding tissue are very important. One of possible strategies is dispersal. So many studies have been done to develop new strategies using dispersal mechanisms. In this review paper, especially chemotaxis, phage therapy, polysaccharides, various enzymes (glycosidases, proteases, and deoxyribonucleases), surfactants, dispersion signals, autoinducers, inhibitors were introduced. Combination therapies with other therapies such as antibiotic therapy were also introduced. It is expected that the possibility of treatment of chronic wound infection using the knowledge of the biofilm dispersal mechanisms presented in this paper will be higher.