Rhizobium etli USDA9032 Engineered To Produce a Phenazine Antibiotic Inhibits the Growth of Fungal Pathogens but Is Impaired in Symbiotic Performance

Krishnan, Hari B.,Kang, Beom Ryong,Hari Krishnan, Ammulu,Kim, Kil Yong,Kim, Young Cheol American Society for Microbiology 2007 Applied and environmental microbiology Vol.73 No.1

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Phenazine production was engineered in <I>Rhizobium etli</I> USDA9032 by the introduction of the <I>phz</I> locus of <I>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</I> O6. Phenazine-producing <I>R. etli</I> was able to inhibit the growth of <I>Botrytis cinerea</I> and <I>Fusarium oxysporum</I> in vitro. Black bean inoculated with phenazine-producing <I>R. etli</I> produced brownish Fix<SUP>−</SUP> nodules.</P>

Biochemical and Ultrastructural Trends in Proteolysis of the $\beta$-subunit of 7S Protein in the Cotyledons During Germination of Soybean Seeds

Krishnan, Hari B. The Korean Society of Crop Science 2002 한국작물학회지 Vol.47 No.2

Antibodies raised against the purified p-subunit of $\beta$-conglycinin were used in immunohistochemical studies to monitor the pattern of $\beta$-conglycinin mobilization in the cotyledons during soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed germination. Western blot analysis revealed that the break down of the $\beta$-subunit of $\beta$-conglycinin commenced as early as 2 days after seed imbibition (DAI). Concurrent with the degradation of the $\beta$-subunit of $\beta$-conglycinin, accumulation of 48, 28, and 26 kD proteolytic intermediates was observed from 2 to 6 DAI. Western blot analysis also revealed that the acidic subunit of glycinin was mobilized earlier than the basic subunit. The basic glycinin subunit was subjected to proteolysis within 2 DAI resulting in the appearance of an intermediate product approximately 2 kD smaller than the native basic glycinin subunit. In contrast to the major seed storage proteins, lipoxygenase was subjected to limited proteolysis and was detected even after 8 DAI. The first sign of $\beta$-conglycinin breakdown was observed near the vascular strands and proceeded from the vascular strands towards the epidermis. Protein A-gold localization studies using thin sections of soybean cotyledons and antibodies raised against the $\beta$-subunit of $\beta$-conglycinin revealed intense labeling over protein bodies. A pronounced decrease in the protein A-gold labeling intensity over protein bodies was observed at later stages of seed germination. The protein bodies, which were converted into a large central vacuole by 8 DAI, contained very little 7S protein as evidenced by sparse protein A-gold labeling in the vacuoles.

Identification of Pedicle Screw Pullout Load Paths for Osteoporotic Vertebrae

Krishnan Venkatesh,Varghese Vicky,Kumar Gurunathan Saravana,Yoganandan Narayan 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.3

Study Design: A biomechanical study.Purpose: To determine the actual load path and compare pullout strengths as a function of screw size used in revision surgeries using postmortem human subject specimens.Overview of Literature: Pedicle screw fixation has become the standard of care in the surgical management of spinal instability. However, pullout failures are widely observed in osteoporotic spines and treated by revision surgeries using a higher diameter screw, performing cement augmentation, or increasing the levels of fixation. While the peak forces to final pullout are reported, the actual load path to achieve the final force level is not available. Methods: Six osteoporotic lumbar spines (L2–L5) were instrumented with 5.5×40 mm polyaxial screws and loaded along the axis of the screw using a material testing machine according to American Society for Testing of Materials 543-07 test protocol. Tests were again conducted by replacing them with 6.5×40 mm (group A) or 7.5×40 mm (group B) screws. Force-displacement data were grouped and load paths (mean±1 standard deviation) were compared.Results: Pullout strength decreased by 36% when the size of the revision screw was increased by 1 mm, while it increased by 35% when the size of the revision screw was increased by 2 mm compared to the index screw value. While the morphologies of the load paths were similar in all cases, they differ between the two groups: the larger screw responded with generally elevated stiffer path than the smaller screw, suggesting that revision surgery using a larger screw has more purchase along the inserted body-pedicle axis.Conclusions: A larger screw enhances strength and increases biomechanical stability in revision surgeries, although the final surgical decision is made by the clinician, which includes the patient’s anatomy and associated characteristics.

Dephosphorylation of the C-terminal tyrosyl residue of the DNA damage-related histone H2A.X is mediated by the protein phosphatase eyes absent.

Krishnan, Navasona,Jeong, Dae Gwin,Jung, Suk-Kyeong,Ryu, Seong Eon,Xiao, Andrew,Allis, C David,Kim, Seung Jun,Tonks, Nicholas K American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2009 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.284 No.24

<P>In mammalian cells, the DNA damage-related histone H2A variant H2A.X is characterized by a C-terminal tyrosyl residue, Tyr-142, which is phosphorylated by an atypical kinase, WSTF. The phosphorylation status of Tyr-142 in H2A.X has been shown to be an important regulator of the DNA damage response by controlling the formation of gammaH2A.X foci, which are platforms for recruiting molecules involved in DNA damage repair and signaling. In this work, we present evidence to support the identification of the Eyes Absent (EYA) phosphatases, protein-tyrosine phosphatases of the haloacid dehalogenase superfamily, as being responsible for dephosphorylating the C-terminal tyrosyl residue of histone H2A.X. We demonstrate that EYA2 and EYA3 displayed specificity for Tyr-142 of H2A.X in assays in vitro. Suppression of eya3 by RNA interference resulted in elevated basal phosphorylation and inhibited DNA damage-induced dephosphorylation of Tyr-142 of H2A.X in vivo. This study provides the first indication of a physiological substrate for the EYA phosphatases and suggests a novel role for these enzymes in regulation of the DNA damage response.</P>

Alkyl chain modified sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) for fuel cell applications

Krishnan, N.N.,Henkensmeier, D.,Jang, J.H.,Kim, H.J.,Ha, H.Y.,Nam, S.W. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2013 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY - Vol.38 No.6

A new alkyl chain modified sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (mPES) was synthesized and formed into membranes. The MEAs were tested in the PEMFC and evaluated systematically in the DMFC by varying the methanol concentration from 0.5 to 5.0 M at 60 <SUP>o</SUP>C and 70 <SUP>o</SUP>C. The synthesized mPES copolymer has been characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and gel permeation chromatography. The proton conductivity of the resulting membrane is higher than the threshold value of 10<SUP>-2</SUP> S cm<SUP>-1</SUP> at room temperature for practical PEM fuel cells. The membrane is insoluble in boiling water, thermally stable until 250 <SUP>o</SUP>C and shows low methanol permeability. In the H<SUB>2</SUB>/air PEMFC at 70 <SUP>o</SUP>C, a current density of 600 mA cm<SUP>-2</SUP> leads to a potential of 637 mV and 658 mV for 50 μm thick mPES 60 and Nafion NRE 212, respectively. In the DMFC, mPES 60's methanol crossover current density is 4 times lower than that for Nafion NRE 212, leading to higher OCV values and peak power densities. Among all investigated conditions and materials, the highest peak power density of 120 mW cm<SUP>-2</SUP> was obtained with an mPES 60 based MEA at 70 <SUP>o</SUP>C and a methanol feed of 2 M.

Interaction of an Isotropic Field of Acoustic Waves with a Shock Wave

Krishnan Mahesh,Sang San Lee,Sanjiva K. Lele,Parviz Moin 대한기계학회 1994 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.- No.-

Validation of housekeeping genes as candidate internal references for quantitative expression studies in healthy and nervous necrosis virus-infected seven-band grouper (Hyporthodus septemfasciatus)

Krishnan, Rahul,Qadiri, Syed Shariq Nazir,Kim, Jong-Oh,Kim, Jae-Ok,Oh, Myung-Joo The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2019 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.22 No.12

Background: In the present study, we evaluated four commonly used housekeeping genes, viz., actin-β, elongation factor-1α (EF1α), acidic ribosomal protein (ARP), and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as internal references for quantitative analysis of immune genes in nervous necrosis virus (NNV)-infected seven-band grouper, Hyporthodus septemfasciatus. Methods: Expression profiles of the four genes were estimated in 12 tissues of healthy and infected seven-band grouper. Expression stability of the genes was calculated using the delta Ct method, BestKeeper, NormFinder, and geNorm algorithms. Consensus ranking was performed using RefFinder, and statistical analysis was done using GraphpadPrism 5.0. Results: Tissue-specific variations were observed in the four tested housekeeping genes of healthy and NNV-infected seven-band grouper. Fold change calculation for interferon-1 and Mx expression using the four housekeeping genes as internal references presented varied profiles for each tissue. EF1α and actin-β was the most stable expressed gene in tissues of healthy and NNV-infected seven-band grouper, respectively. Consensus ranking using RefFinder suggested EF1α as the least variable and highly stable gene in the healthy and infected animals. Conclusions: These results suggest that EF1α can be a fairly better internal reference in comparison to other tested genes in this study during the NNV infection process. This forms the pilot study on the validation of reference genes in Hyporthodus septemfasciatus, in the context of NNV infection.

On a Class of γ^*-pre-open Sets in Topological Spaces

Krishnan, G. Sai Sundara,Saravanakumar, D.,Ganster, M.,Ganster, M. Department of Mathematics 2014 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.54 No.2

In this paper, a new class of open sets, namely ${\gamma}^*$-pre-open sets was introduced and its basic properties were studied. Moreover a new type of topology ${\tau}_{{\gamma}p^*}$ was generated using ${\gamma}^*$-pre-open sets and characterized the resultant topological space (X, ${\tau}_{{\gamma}p^*}$) as ${\gamma}^*$-pre-$T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ space.

A Simple and Rapid Method to Isolate Low Molecular Weight Proteinase Inhibitors from Soybean

Krishnan Bari B. The Korean Society of Crop Science 2004 Korean journal of crop science Vol.49 No.4

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the $60\%$ isopropanol extract of soybean(Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seed revealed two abundant proteins with molecular masses of 19 and 10 kDa. Amino acid analysis revealed that the isopropanol-extractable protein fraction was rich in cysteine. Two-dimensional gel electro-phoretic analysis indicated that the 19kDa and 10kDa proteins had pI of 4.2 and 4.0 respectively. Peptide mass fingerprints of trypsin digests of the two proteins obtained using matrix-assisted, laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectroscopy revealed the 19kDa protein was Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and the 10kDa protein was Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor. When resolved under non-denaturing conditions, the isopropanol-extracted proteins inhibited trypsin and chymotrypsin activity. Results presented in this study demonstrate that isopropanol extraction of soybean seed could be used as a simple and rapid method to obtain a protein fraction enriched in Kunitz trypsin and Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitors. Since proteinase inhibitors are rich in sulfur amino acids and are putative anticarcinogens, this rapid and inexpensive isolation procedure could facilitate efforts in nutrition and cancer research.

Using Implementation Science to Advance Cancer Prevention in India

Krishnan, Suneeta,Sivaram, Sudha,Anderson, Benjamin O.,Basu, Partha,Belinson, Jerome L,Bhatla, Neerja,D' Cruz, Anil,Dhillon, Preet K.,Gupta, Prakash C.,Joshi, Niranjan,Jhulka, PK,Kailash, Uma,Kapambwe Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.9

Oral, cervical and breast cancers, which are either preventable and/or amenable to early detection and treatment, are the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in India. In this paper, we describe implementation science research priorities to catalyze the prevention and control of these cancers in India. Research priorities were organized using a framework based on the implementation science literature and the World Health Organization's definition of health systems. They addressed both community-level as well as health systems-level issues. Community-level or "pull" priorities included the need to identify effective strategies to raise public awareness and understanding of cancer prevention, monitor knowledge levels, and address fear and stigma. Health systems-level or "push" and "infrastructure" priorities included dissemination of evidence-based practices, testing of point-of-care technologies for screening and diagnosis, identification of appropriate service delivery and financing models, and assessment of strategies to enhance the health workforce. Given the extent of available evidence, it is critical that cancer prevention and treatment efforts in India are accelerated. Implementation science research can generate critical insights and evidence to inform this acceleration.