The New LM-PCR/Shifter Method for the Genotyping of Microorganisms Based on the Use of a Class IIS Restriction Enzyme and Ligation-Mediated PCR

( Beata Krawczyk ),( Justyna Leibner Ciszak ),( Karolina Stojowska ),( Jozef Kur ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.12

This study details and examines a novel ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction (LM-PCR) method. Named the LM-PCR/Shifter, it relies on the use of a Class IIS restriction enzyme giving restriction fragments with different 4-base, 5` overhangs, this being the Shifter, and the ligation of appropriate oligonucleotide adapters. A sequence of 4-base, 5` overhangs of the adapter and a 4- base sequence of the 3` end of the primer(s) determine a subset of the genomic restriction fragments, which are amplified by PCR. The method permits the differentiation of bacterial species strains on the basis of the different DNA band patterns obtained after electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels stained with ethidium bromide and visualized in UV light. The usefulness of the LM-PCR/ Shifter method for genotyping is analyzed by a comparison with the restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal DNA by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (REA-PFGE) and PCR melting profile (PCR MP) methods for isolates of clinical origin. The clustering of the LM-PCR/Shifter fingerprinting data matched those of the REA-PFGE and PCR MP methods. We found that the LM-PCR/Shifter is rapid, and offers good discriminatory power and excellent reproducibility, making it a method that may be effectively applied in epidemiological studies.

Absorption of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions of imidazolium ionic liquids with carboxylate anions

Stefan Baj,Tomasz Krawczyk,Aleksandra Dąbrowska,Agnieszka Siewniak,Aleksander Sobolewski 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.11

The solubility of carbon dioxide at atmospheric pressure in aqueous mixtures of 1,3-alkyl substituted imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) containing carboxylic anions was studied. The ILs showed increased solubility of CO2 with decreasing water concentration. The relationship between the CO2 concentration in solution and the mole fraction of water in the ILs describes a sigmoidal curve. The regression constants of a logistic function were used to quantitatively assess the absorbent capacity and the effect of water on CO2 absorption. ILs containing the most basic anions, such as pivalate, propionate and acetate, had the best properties. It was observed that the impact of water on absorption primarily depended on the cation structure. The best absorption performance was observed for 1,3-dibutylimidazolium pivalate and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate.

Corrosion Behaviour of Type 316L Stainless Steel in Hot Caustic Aqueous Environments

Raul Davalos Monteiro,Nouryon Industrial Chemicals,Benjamin Krawczyk,Dirk L. Engelberg 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.5

The corrosion behaviour of type 316L stainless steel in aqueous 30–50 wt%. NaOH at temperatures up to 90 °C has been elucidated. Exposure to room temperature environment showed parabolic weight loss behaviour, with corrosion rates of up to 0.4 mm/year. Higher NaOH concentrations and exposure temperatures resulted in a reduced stability of the electrochemical passivity domain, associated with higher corrosion rates. Exposure to de-aerated 50 wt%. NaOH presented corrosion rates of up to 0.5 mm/year at open circuit potential, with maximum corrosion rates under polarisation of up to ≈18 mm/year. The formation of a dark iron-oxy-hydroxide and nickel-oxide was observed, with exposure to temperatures in excess of 50 °C. The behaviour of type 316L stainless steel in hot caustic environment is compared to types 204, 304, 2205 stainless steel, and nickel alloy 200.

Sustainable Emission Control Policies:

Kun hong Kim,Jacek B. Krawczyk 서울대학교 경제연구소 2017 Seoul journal of economics Vol.30 No.3

Our interest is in the relationship between the environment and economic growth. Because various interest groups see this issue differently, the typical optimization approach based on representative agent is not suitable. This is mainly because assessing the relative weight between consumption and environment in the utility function in a democracy is a sensitive political process. On the other hand, constraints on capital, consumption, and pollution levels should be agreed considerably easier than the aforementioned weight because the constraints refer to quantifiable measures. We propose that a regulator can look for a feasible strategy for emission control that will maintain capital, consumption, and pollution in a closed set of constraints. Such a strategy is called viable in viability theory. Viability theory is the study of dynamic systems that asks what set of initial conditions will generate evolutions that obey the laws of motion of a system and remain in a certain state constraints set for the duration of the evolution. We apply viability theory to a neoclassical model to identify which current economic states are sustainable under smooth adjustments of abatement-rate in the future. Among many observations, we note that countries that embark on an ambitious abatement program may fail to maintain their economies within the state constraints if their present levels of capital and consumption are low.

Promoter methylation and expression levels of selected hematopoietic genes in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Ewa Musialik,Mateusz Bujko,Paulina Kober,Agnieszka Wypych,Karolina Gawle-Krawczyk,Michal Matysiak,Janusz Aleksander Siedlecki 대한혈액학회 2015 Blood Research Vol.50 No.1

BackgroundPrecursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL) is the most common neoplasmin children and is characterized by genetic and epigenetic aberrations in hematopoietictranscription factor (TF) genes. This study evaluated promoter DNA methylation and aberrantexpression levels of early- and late-acting hematopoietic TF genes homeobox A4 andA5 (HOXA4 and HOXA5), Meis homeobox 1 (MEIS1), T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia1 (TAL1), and interferon regulatory factors 4 and 8 (IRF4 and IRF8) in pediatric B-cell ALL. MethodsBlood samples of 38 ALL patients and 20 controls were obtained. DNA was treated withsodium bisulfite and DNA methylation level of HOXA4, HOXA5, MEIS1, TAL1, IRF4, and IRF8was assessed using quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Relative gene expression was measured using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. ResultsAberrant methylation of TAL1, IRF8, MEIS1, and IRF4 was observed in 26.3%, 7.9%, 5.3%,and 2.6% patients, respectively, but not in controls. HOXA4 and HOXA5 were methylatedin some controls and hypermethylated in 16% and 5% patients, respectively. IRF8, MEIS1,and TAL1 expression was lower in patients than in controls. MEIS1 expression was inverselycorrelated with white blood cell (WBC) count. HOXA4 expression was downregulatedin patients with high risk according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI)classification. TAL1 methylation was slightly elevated in patients aged >9 years and inpatients showing relapse, suggesting its potential prognostic value. ConclusionAberrant methylation and expression of the selected hematopoietic genes were correlatedwith demographic/clinical prognostic factors of pediatric ALL, such as age, WBCcount, and NCI risk classification.

Successful management of <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in commercial apple orchards with an attract‐and‐kill strategy

Morrison III, William R,Blaauw, Brett R,Short, Brent D,Nielsen, Anne L,Bergh, James C,Krawczyk, Greg,Park, Yong‐,Lak,Butler, Bryan,Khrimian, Ashot,Leskey, Tracy C John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2019 Pest Management Science Vol.75 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND</B></P><P>Introduction of <I>Halyomorpha halys</I> (Stål) in the USA has disrupted many established integrated pest management programs for specialty crops, especially apple. While current management heavily relies on insecticides, one potential alternative tactic is attract‐and‐kill (AK), whereby large numbers of <I>H. halys</I> are attracted to and retained in a circumscribed area using attractive semiochemicals and removed from the foraging population with an insecticide. The goal of this study was to evaluate if AK implementation in commercial apple orchards can result in levels of <I>H. halys</I> damage that are equal to or less than those from grower standard management programs.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>Over 2 years at farms in five Mid‐Atlantic USA states, we found that the use of AK resulted in 2–7 times less damage compared with grower standard plots, depending on year and period. At selected trees on which AK was implemented, over 10,000 <I>H. halys</I> individuals were killed in two growing seasons, and the use of AK reduced the crop area treated with insecticide against <I>H. halys</I> by 97%. Using AK had no impact on the natural enemy or secondary pest community over the same period.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B></P><P>Overall, the use of AK was effective at managing low to moderate <I>H. halys</I> populations in apple orchards, but must be optimized to increase economic feasibility for grower adoption. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry</P>