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- 저자 : Leskey, Tracy C (검색결과 8 건)
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Rapid development of biosurveillance tools and management tactics for a polyphagous invasive species
Tracy C. Leskey 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.04
The introduction of Halyomorpha halys, the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in the USA and Europe has disrupted many established fruit, vegetable and row crop Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. BMSB poses a profound threat to many crops because of its broad host range, strong dispersal capacity, well-concealed overwintering populations, as well as the fact that biological control from native natural enemies has been limited and very few registered insecticides are considered effective. The need for sensitive biosurveillance and monitoring tools in uninvaded and invaded regions, respectively, as well as alternative management tactics to reduce insecticide inputs has been paramount. The identification of the BMSB pheromone, (3S,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol and (3R, 6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol in a 3.5:1 ratio and pheromone synergist methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate has rapidly propelled the development of these tools and tactics. Pheromone-baited traps deployed with these stimuli have been evaluated across invaded regions in the USA and Europe and in the native range in South Korea. In every case, traps baited with the combination of the BMSB pheromone and pheromone synergist captured greater numbers of BMSB than traps baited either stimulus alone indicating that these trapping systems can be used for worldwide biosurveillance. Moreover, baited traps have been used as sensitive IPM tools to guide management decisions in affected crops such as apple. Finally, these pheromonal stimuli have served as the basis for successful attract and kill programs in affected crops. While refinement of these tools and tactics continue, their use has resulted in significant reductions in insecticide inputs in apple crops, for example, and successful biosurveillance in newly invaded regions.
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Doo-Hyung Lee,Tracy C. Leskey 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.04
Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive species from Asia causing major economic losses in agricultural production in the United States. H. halys is also well known for nuisance problems as massive numbers of adults often invade human-made structures to overwinter inside protected environments. However, overwintering ecology of H. halys in natural landscapes is virtually unknown. We explored forested landscapes in the mid-Atlantic region to locate and characterize natural overwintering structures used by this invasive species. We also confirmed the identified overwintering structures by training and using detector canines in the natural landscapes. Overwintering H. halys were recovered from dry crevices in dead, standing trees with thick bark, particularly oak (Quercus spp.) and locust (Robinia spp.); these characteristics were shared by 11.8% of all dead trees in surveyed landscapes. Dispersal ecology of H. halys were evaluated in the laboratory and field to understand how this pest disperses among its overwintering sites, cultivated crops and wild hosts. In the laboratory, we evaluated the baseline flight capacity of H. halys using flight mill systems. Both foraging and overwintering populations flew on average 2.5 km over a day with some exceptional individuals flying >20 km. In the field, direction observations indicate that H. halys are not likely to initiate flight when temperatures are below 17oC. In addition, H. halys did not initiate flight even under very mild wind (2.4 m/s). We also evaluated the potential of using a portable harmonic radar system to individually track H. halys movements in the field. Our study demonstrates that a portable harmonic radar can be used to track adult H. halys without affecting its survival, walking mobility or flight capacity. In diverse semi-field settings, the success rates of locating radar-tagged H. halys were >85%. The knowledge of overwintering and dispersal ecology reported here would serve as baseline to develop and enhance the management programs of H. halys at landscape levels.
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Dispersal Ecology and Modeling: A Case Study with Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
Doo-Hyung Lee,Tracy C. Leskey 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.04
Understanding of dispersal ecology is a critical component to build robust and practical simulation model for insect populations. In this study, we report multifaceted approaches to examine dispersal capacity, behavior and ecology of brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). We first evaluated the baseline flight capacity of adults using flight mill systems in the laboratory. The results indicates that this species has strong flight capacity: adults were found yielding flight distances of >2 km in 24 hours with a small portion of the BMSB population capable of flight into double digits. In the field, we made direct observations on BMSB flight to examine free flight capacity and diurnal patterns. BMSB made flight when ambient temperature was >15 oC and flew with the speed of 3 m/s under field conditions, yielding its prevailing flight directions away from the sun’s position over a day. Dispersal capacity and behavior of nymphal stages (2nd through 5th) were also studied. In the laboratory, video image analysis indicates that all nymphal stages have strong walking capacity comparable to adults. In the field, the walking distance of 3rd and 5th instar nymphs on mowed grass was quantified based on direct observation of individuals. Under these conditions, 5th instars moved nearly two-fold greater distances compared with 3rd instars, but surface temperature affected both nymphal stages similarly. Shorter bouts of movement were common at surface temperatures below 25 oC, whereas individuals showed longer walking distances above 25 oC. These baseline knowledge on BMSB dispersal will be key to building and improving simulation model in order to predict spatiotemporal dynamics of the pest populations.
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이두형,박용락,Tracy C. Leskey 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.2
Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) is an invasive species inflicting damage to agricultural and forest systems. This species is native to China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Lycorma delicatula was accidentally introduced into South Korea and Japan, with outbreaks reported since mid-2000s. More recently, this pest was found in Pennsylvania, USA, and its geographical distribution has steadily expanded since the introduction with increasing population densities in the USA. This species is univoltine in invaded regions and overwinters in the egg stage. Lycorma delicatula is known to attack at least 65 host plants, and so-called preferred host plants such as Ailanthus altissima and Vitis vinifera are present in all invaded countries. This species threatens grape industries in China, South Korea, and USA, with the impact on other crops still unknown, at least in the USA. For monitoring this pest, light or pheromone traps have not yet been developed, but using sticky tree bands may serve as a promising tool. To date, visual survey is the primary means for detecting L. delicatula and studying their population dynamics. To control L. delicatula, several studies evaluated conventional insecticides. Under field conditions, chlorpyrifos, dinotefuran, etofenprox, and etofenprox + diazinon yielded high levels of mortality against this pest. In general, environmentally-friendly materials, registered as Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Material in South Korea, resulted in lower insecticidal efficacy against L. delicatula compared with conventional chemicals. Natural enemies of L. delicatula such as egg parasitoids in the genus Anastatus and Dryinus are promising candidates as a long-term solution for management.
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Morrison III, William R,Blaauw, Brett R,Short, Brent D,Nielsen, Anne L,Bergh, James C,Krawczyk, Greg,Park, Yong‐,Lak,Butler, Bryan,Khrimian, Ashot,Leskey, Tracy C John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2019 Pest Management Science Vol.75 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND</B></P><P>Introduction of <I>Halyomorpha halys</I> (Stål) in the USA has disrupted many established integrated pest management programs for specialty crops, especially apple. While current management heavily relies on insecticides, one potential alternative tactic is attract‐and‐kill (AK), whereby large numbers of <I>H. halys</I> are attracted to and retained in a circumscribed area using attractive semiochemicals and removed from the foraging population with an insecticide. The goal of this study was to evaluate if AK implementation in commercial apple orchards can result in levels of <I>H. halys</I> damage that are equal to or less than those from grower standard management programs.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>Over 2 years at farms in five Mid‐Atlantic USA states, we found that the use of AK resulted in 2–7 times less damage compared with grower standard plots, depending on year and period. At selected trees on which AK was implemented, over 10,000 <I>H. halys</I> individuals were killed in two growing seasons, and the use of AK reduced the crop area treated with insecticide against <I>H. halys</I> by 97%. Using AK had no impact on the natural enemy or secondary pest community over the same period.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B></P><P>Overall, the use of AK was effective at managing low to moderate <I>H. halys</I> populations in apple orchards, but must be optimized to increase economic feasibility for grower adoption. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry</P>
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