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Modeling of coupled THMC processes in porous media
Kowalsky, Ursula,Bente, Sonja,Dinkler, Dieter Techno-Press 2014 Coupled systems mechanics Vol.3 No.1
For landfill monitoring and aftercare, long-term prognoses of emission and deformation behaviour are required. Landfills may be considered as heterogeneous porous soil-like structures, in which flow and transport processes of gases and liquids interact with local material degradation and mechanical deformation of the solid skeleton. Therefore, in the framework of continuous porous media mechanics a model is developed that permits the investigation of coupled mechanical, hydraulical and biochemical processes in municipal solid waste landfills.
Coupled chemical and mechanical processes in concrete structures with respect to aging
Cramer, Friedhelm,Kowalsky, Ursula,Dinkler, Dieter Techno-Press 2014 Coupled systems mechanics Vol.3 No.1
Accurate prognoses of the durability of concrete structures require a detailed description of the continuously running aging processes and a consideration of the complete load history. Therefore, in the framework of continuous porous media mechanics a model is developed, which allows a detailed analysis of the most important aging processes of concrete as well as a flexible coupling of different processes. An overview of the prediction model and the balance equations is given. The material dependent model equations, the consequences of coupling different processes and the solution scheme are discussed. In two case studies the aging of concrete due to hydration and chloride penetration are presented, which illustrate the capabilities and the characteristics of the developed model.
역사적(歷史的) 측면에서 본 12음(音) 음악에서의 대규모 형식
( David Kowalski ) 漢陽大學校 音樂硏究所 1987 音樂論壇 Vol.3 No.-
Schoenberg, Webern, Babbitt 그리고 Martino는 그들의 作品을 통해 12음열 그 자체보다 큰 것을 물론 창안하였다고는 하나 그것은 어디까지나 그것이 어떤 음열을 사용하였던 간에 그 음열의 구조적 의미를 존중함으로서 이루어진 것이므로 그들이 사용한 방법을 조사함으로서 本 논문은 시작된다. 이와 같은 역사적 고찰로부터 집성(aggregate)을 형성하는 배열(arrays)의 개념이 하나의 큰 구조적 단위로서 추출되었다. 어떻게 배열이 화성적 발전과 성부 진행, 또는 이들의 동시 처리를 조정하는데 사용될 수 있는가에 대한 설명과 음악 예제가 제시되어 있다. 이러한 12音 구조에서부터 추출된 '아이디어'가 12音이 아닌 음악에까지 적용될 수 있는 방법 역시 제시되어 있다.
Allison Kowalski,Catherine Woodstock Striley,Deepthi Satheesa Varma,Kathleen Marie Egan,Lusine Yaghjyan 한국유방암학회 2018 Journal of breast cancer Vol.21 No.2
Purpose: Alcohol consumption is associated with an increase in breast cancer risk, but findings on the association of alcohol with survival after breast cancer diagnosis have been inconsistent. Further, whether these associations could differ by adjuvant hormone therapy status is unknown. We examined interactions between alcohol consumption and adjuvant hormone therapy in relation to breast cancer-free survival among women with a primary breast cancer diagnosis. Methods: Participants in this study included 1,399 women diagnosed with primary breast cancer between 2007 and 2012 at the Moffitt Cancer Center. Alcohol consumption during the year preceding diagnosis was assessed in a patient survey. Information on tumor characteristics, breast cancer treatment and outcomes was available from the Moffitt Cancer Registry. Associations were examined using Cox proportional hazards models in stratified analyses by adjuvant hormone therapy status, after adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Overall, alcohol consumption was associated with significantly improved breast cancer-free survival (any vs. none: hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–0.92). Among women without adjuvant hormone therapy, alcohol consumption was associated with better survival in heavy drinkers (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43–0.93). Among women with adjuvant hormone therapy, survival was better in women consuming alcohol as compared to nondrinkers (moderate: HR, 0.69, 95% CI, 0.51–0.93; heavy: HR, 0.74, 95% CI, 0.57–0.96; any: HR, 0.71, 95% CI, 0.57–0.87). There was no significant interaction between alcohol and adjuvant hormone therapy (p-interaction=0.54 for alcohol modeled as none or any and p=0.34 for alcohol modeled as none, moderate, and heavy). Conclusion: Associations of alcohol consumption with breast cancer-free survival are similar in women with and without adjuvant hormone therapy. Future studies are warranted to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying the observed inverse associations.
Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Alzheimer’s Disease
Karol Kowalski,Agata Mulak 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2019 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.25 No.1
Disturbances along the brain-gut-microbiota axis may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function associated with the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Alterations in the gut microbiota composition induce increased permeability of the gut barrier and immune activation leading to systemic inflammation, which in turn may impair the blood-brain barrier and promote neuroinflammation, neural injury, and ultimately neurodegeneration. Recently, Aβ has also been recognized as an antimicrobial peptide participating in the innate immune response. However, in the dysregulated state, Aβ may reveal harmful properties. Importantly, bacterial amyloids through molecular mimicry may elicit cross-seeding of misfolding and induce microglial priming. The Aβ seeding and propagation may occur at different levels of the brain-gut-microbiota axis. The potential mechanisms of amyloid spreading include neuron-to-neuron or distal neuron spreading, direct blood-brain barrier crossing or via other cells as astrocytes, fibroblasts, microglia, and immune system cells. A growing body of experimental and clinical data confirms a key role of gut dysbiosis and gut microbiota-host interactions in neurodegeneration. The convergence of gut-derived inflammatory response together with aging and poor diet in the elderly contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Modification of the gut microbiota composition by food-based therapy or by probiotic supplementation may create new preventive and therapeutic options in AD.
Helen S. Kowalski 한국유아교육학회 2003 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Vol.9 No.1
The symbolic play of toddlers attending long-day child-care centers was examined to determine its frequency and complexity. Ninety-minutes of videotaped observations were collected of each participant‘s free play in the outdoor environment in three conditions: same-age group play; mixed-age group play; and mixed-age dyad play. The participants‘ symbolic play was coded in accordance with the ‘Symbolic Play Scale‘ (Westby,1991). Results indicated that the toddlers exhibited symbolic play more frequently and at more complex levels when engaged in play with older, preschool-aged peers than when playing with their same-age peers. These findings suggest that the practice of mixed-age grouping is beneficial for the younger children‘s emerging symbolic play.
Marek L. Kowalski,Joanna S. Makowska 대한천식알레르기학회 2015 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.7 No.4
Frequent use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been paralleled by increasing occurrence of adverse reactions, which vary from mild local skin rashes or gastric irritation to severe, generalized symptoms and even life-threatening anaphylaxis. NSAID-induced hypersensitivity reactions may involve both immunological and non-immunological mechanisms and should be differentiated from type A adverse reactions. Clinical diagnosis and effective management of a hypersensitive patient cannot be achieved without identifying the underlying mechanism. In this review, we discuss the current classification of NSAID-induced adverse reactions and propose a practical diagnostic algorithm that involves 7 steps leading to the determination of the type of NSAID-induced hypersensitivity and allows for proper patient management.