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Physicochemical Properties of Protoporphyrin IX by Metal Ions in Acetonitrile-Water Mixture Solution
Bark, Ki-Min,Yang, Jeong-Im,Lee, Ho-Suk,Lee, Jee-Bum,Park, Chul-Ho,Park, Hyoung-Ryun Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.6
The UV-vis absorption spectrum of protoporphyrin IX shows a very sharp and strong absorption maximum peak at 398 nm in acetonitrile-water mixture solution (1:1 v/v). When divalent metal ions such as $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, and $Ca^{2+}$ ion were added to protoporphyrin IX, metal protoporphyrin IX complexes were thereby produced. Cu-protoporphyrin IX complexes have the largest formation constant ($K_f$) among them. The fluorescence intensity of protoporphyrin IX was diminished by the presence of $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, and $Ni^{2+}$ ions as quenchers. However, $Mg^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, and $Ni^{2+}$ ions are hardly combined with protoporphyrin IX. $Mg^{2+}$ ion does not take part in the fluorescence quenching process of protoporphyrin IX in acetonitrile-water mixture solution. According to the Stern-Volmer plots, fluorescence quenching by $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, and $Ca^{2+}$ ions involves static quenching, which is due to complex formation. On the contrary, dynamic quenching has a large influence on the overall quenching process, when $Mn^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$ ions were added to protoporphyrin IX in acetonitrile-water mixture solution.
Spectroscopic Studies on the Oxidation of Catechin in Aqueous Solution
Bark, Ki-Min,Yeom, Ji-Eun,Yang, Jeong-Im,Yang, Ik-Jun,Park, Chul-Ho,Park, Hyoung-Ryun Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.9
The spectroscopic behavior of catechin (5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavan-3-ol), has been studied in the presence and the absence of air using UV-vis absorption spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. The UV-vis absorption spectrum of catechin shows a very sharp and strong absorption maximum peak at 275 nm in deaerated water. New absorption maximum peaks appeared in aerated water, as well as in basic aqueous solution, caused by the oxidation of catechin. The absorbances in the UV-vis absorption spectrum of catechin decreased when the solution was left in the dark for a long time. The fluorescence emission spectrum of catechin after a long time period differs markedly from that in freshly prepared solution; the fluorescence maxia shifted as time passes after adding catechin to the solutions. When the deaerated basic catechin solutions were left in the dark for a long time, their fluorescence quantum yields were found to be nearly zero. This suggests that the oxidized catechin molecules were seen to have slowly undergone successive chemical reactions in basic buffer solution.
조병진,오경환,박기민 경상대학교 환경보전연구소 1993 環境保全硏究所報 Vol.1 No.1
The actual administrative conditions of the environment research institutes attached to the universities and colleges were investigated by means of the questionnaire to propose the reference data for the reasonable and effective management of them. The majority of them were established after 1981, and half of them are unregistered. The retention rates of the full-time researchers and the attendants was 55%, and that of the official facilities was high, but the equipments for analysis and measurement were poorly furnished as 15%. Annual mean amounts of the fund for management and research are less than ten million and more than thirty million won, respectively. Therefore their major roles are limited to consultations, supervising academic conferences, and collecting research materials because of the fund limitations. Half of them distribute their own publications, and subscribe for few scientific journals regularly. There are many obstracles in the management of institutes such as lack of funds, deficient administrative support of the college authorities, deficiencies of full-time researchers, attendants, and equipments for analysis and measurement.
성민기(Min-Ki Sung),권순박(Soon-Bark Kwon) 한국생활환경학회 2015 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.22 No.2
The purpose of this study is to investigate the thermal environment of subway stations in Seoul and to suggest ways to improve the thermal environment and cooling energy during summer time. Major thermal environmental indexes were measured in six subway stations of three transit stations during summer time. The temperatures and relative humidities over the design conditions were observed in many concourses and platforms of the subway stations and the thermal environments of platforms were comparatively worse than concourses in most stations. Predicted Mean Vote(PMV) values were ranged over 1, which indicates “slightly warm”, in almost all stations. The air temperatures of subway stations during non-operating hour were up to 6.6°C higher than outdoor air, which presumably caused by the thermal storage during day time. The high enthalpy of subway station during non-operating hour is assumed to provide bad thermal environments to passengers in the early morning and also to cause more cooling energy during morning rush hour. Pre-cooling using low-enthalpy outdoor air before the early morning operation should be considered to improve thermal comfort and to save cooling energy even during summer time.
Long-Term Side Effects of Soft Tissue Filler Injection
( Sang-min Choi ),( Ki-hun Kim ),( Min-jeong Kang ),( Soon-hyo Kwon ),( Woo-young Sim ),( Bark-lynn Lew ) 대한피부과학회 2023 대한피부과학회지 Vol.61 No.4
Background: Injectable soft tissue fillers are important elements in facial rejuvenation as they provide volume restoration without significant inconvenience to the patient or substantial associated recovery time. Complications can be classified into immediate, delayed, or late adverse reactions. Most complications are temporary and common throughout the filler classes. Objective: To describe the long-term side effects of fillers. Methods: A retrospective study of 10 patients who experienced long-term side effects of soft tissue filler injections between 2007 and 2018 was conducted. A long-term reaction was defined as a complication that occurred 1 year after soft tissue filler injection at any facial site. Results: Ten patients were included in the study. All the patients visited our department because of a palpable subcutaneous nodular lesion on their face. The mean duration from receiving the filler injection to the appearance of side effects was 4.3 years (range, 1∼12 years). Based on their clinicopathological features, complications were roughly classified into granulomatous inflammation (60.0%), non-inflammatory palpable nodule formation (20.0%), abscess (10.0%), and dermal fibrosis with inflammation (10.0%). Conclusion: Regardless of the filler type, side effects can appear up to 12 years after injection. The most common type is a granulomatous lesion; however, it can appear as a non-granulomatous lesion. Therefore, when a patient visits with a nodule or an edematous lesion without any recall reason, careful history taking is needed to find any associated clues. With close follow-up and appropriate treatment, complications associated with injectable soft tissue fillers can be limited and competently managed. (Korean J Dermatol 2023;61(4):233∼238)