Chinese Documentaries and the Korean War

Sun Kezhi(쑨커즈),Xu Dan(쉬단) 고려대학교 한국사연구소 2014 International Journal of Korean History Vol.19 No.2

신 중국 수립 이후 중국역사에서 한국전쟁이 매우 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있기 때문에 개혁개방 이후, 중국에서는 초창기의 영상자료를 토대로 상당히 많은 편수의 한국전쟁 관련 다큐멘터리가 제작되었다. 이 시기에 제작된 다큐멘터리는 초창기 영상자료를 바탕으로 새롭게 밝혀진 기록과 자연스럽게 연결되어 보다 더 상세하게 전쟁관련문제를 분석하고 설명하였다. 어떤 다큐멘터리의 경우, 기존의 영상자료를 토대로 관련 연구자의 분석을 덧붙여 연관된 문제를 새롭게 재해석하였으며 또, 전쟁을 직접 겪은 사람의 기억을 바탕으로 당시 전쟁모습을 재현한 다큐멘터리도 있다. 이와 같이 훗날 다시 제작된 한국전쟁 관련 다큐멘터리는 사실상 한국전쟁에 대한 반성 또는 재해석의 결과라고 할 수 있다. 초기 다큐멘터리와 비교해 볼 때 정치와 이데올로기의 색채가 현저히 줄어들었으며 대신 이성적 사고요소가 확연히 많아져 전쟁 발발의 원인이나 어느 쪽이 선제 공격을 하였는지, 전쟁성격 등의 문제에 대해 다시금 생각하게 했으며 더 나아가 이들 문제를 바라보는 시각에도 뚜렷한 변화가 생겼다. The Korean War composed an important part of the history of the new China after its establishment. After the opening and the reform phase, a number of documentaries on the Korean War were produced in China, based on footages and video images filmed earlier. Documentaries produced during this time linked newly discovered information based on the video images with the existing information, and therefore they analyzed and explained issues related to the war in detail. Certain documentaries reinterpreted issues related to the war based on the existing video images by adding the analysis of a researcher on the topic, and others included reenactments and reproductions of the war based on the memories of survivors. Likewise, documentaries about the Korean War that have been produced after the war can be seen as results of the reflection on or reinterpretation of the Korean War. Compared to the documentaries made in the initial phase, these documentaries contained noticeably less political and ideological colors, and focused more on factors for logical and critical thinking. As a result, the documentaries made people reconsider the nature of the war, including the cause of the war and which side actually started the war, and distinctly transformed the perspectives on these issues.

광주학생운동에 대한 중국 매체의 보도와 인식

孫科志(Sun Kezhi) 독립기념관 한국독립운동연구소 2010 한국독립운동사연구 Vol.0 No.35

한국에서 중대한 사건이 발생하면 중국의 신문과 잡지 등의 언론매체들은 대개 그것에 대해 보도를 하였다. 1929년에 발발한 광주학생운동에 대해서도 예외는 아니었다. 그러나 광주에서 사건이 발생한 직후 중국의 언론매체들은 바로 그 소식을 보도하지는 않았다. 그렇지만 한국학생들의 시위와 동맹휴학이 전국적인 형태의 반일운동으로 발전되자 비로소 관심을 보이며 대대적으로 보도하기 시작하였다. 중국 신문의 보도와 평론은 일제가 한국의 독립운동에 탄압을 가하고 있다는 것과 한국에서 일어난 광주학생운동의 진상을 알리는데 있었다. 근대 중국의 언론매체는 광주학생운동의 보도와 관련해 시간적으로나 양적으로 상당한 관심을 보여주었는데, 전면적인 기사 내용과 사건에 대해 상세한 보도를 함으로써 그 실상을 소개하려고 노력하고 있었다. 대부분의 중국 신문들은 1929년 12월부터 다음해 2월까지 3개월간에 걸쳐 광주학생운동에 대해 보도하였다. 이 기간 동안 수십 편의 기사를 싣고, 발단 원인 및 그 결과까지 전 과정에 걸쳐 다양하고 심도 있게 광주학생 운동을 다루었다. 중국의 매체들은 광주학생운동을 전면적으로 보도함과 동시에 그에따른 평론도 함께 게재하였는데, 대개의 평론들은 광주학생운동이 일본제국주의 통치하에서 필연적으로 일어날 수밖에 없었다고 보았다. 따라서 광주학생운동은 한국 민중들이 민족의 자주와 독립을 실현시키기 위한 운동이요, 세계의 억압받는 민족이 해방할 수 있도록 하는 중요한 문제라고 인식하고 있었던 것이다. 광주학생운동을 통한 중국 매체들의 인식은 한국민과 그들의 독립운동을 동정할 뿐만 아니라 한국의 혁명 민중들과 손잡고 제국주의에 맞서 함께 싸워 전 세계 억압받는 민족들의 자주와 독립을 실현시켜야 한다고 여겼던 것이다. 중국의 언론매체들은 광주학생운동을 전면적으로 보도하여 한국의 학생운동에 대한 중국인들의 지지와 성원을 이끌어 내고자 하였다. 한국과 중국의 전통적인 관계하에 도의적으로 한국 민중을 지지하고 성원하는 목소리를 내게 하고, 또 중국 각 지방의 현지에서는 학생들이 거리에 나와 시위를 하며 반일독립운동을 하는 등 실질적인 행동을 표출하기도 하였다. After the outbreak of Gwangju Student Movement, Newspapers across China gave a wide coverage and published a lot of editorials, which unmasked the false propaganda of Japanese imperialism and delivered a real Gwangju Student Movement to Chinese people and the world opinion. These reports aroused sympathy for Korean revolutionary movement in public opinions of both China and the world, gave tremendous support and encouragement from morality and public voice to Korean revolutionary people. Moreover, various communities in China had issued statements to support and encourage Korean revolutionary people. Students demonstrated across China to support and encourage the anti-Japanese Independence Movement of Korean Students. Media coverage and actions of various communities in China had composed a historical canto on the struggle of both Chinese and Korean for national freedom and independence in modern times.

중국인 여행자의 시각으로 본 식민통치하의 경성

孫科志(By Kezhi, Sun) 서울시립대학교 서울학연구소 2013 서울학연구 Vol.- No.50

Chinese people are not unfamiliar with the capital city of Korea or Seoul. Chinese envoys have begun their visits to this beautiful city surrounded by rivers and mountains since the capital was settled in Soul in Joseon Dynasty. After opening the port, with the enhancement of Sino-Korean relationship, more and more Chinese came to this city. Among these people, there were many great names in the history of modern China such as Wu Chang qing, Yuan Shi Kai, Zhang Jian and Zeng Ji Ze who however were sent to Seoul with missions as signed by government and common people had few opportunities to travel there but to get to know this city from text records. During the reign of Japan’s colonization, though Sino-Korean relationship was at themercy of Japan at first, then on governmental communication increased:more and more Chinese with various purposes came to Seoul, especially some Chineses cholars travelled in Seoul for study or research, and for travelling and sightseeing. What they had seen and had heard has been recorded in words which are a great treasure for us to know Seoul under the colonized rule. In modern Chinese people’s eyes, the colonized Korean capital city was no longer the “Seoul” that they had been familiar to, but the one full of modern flavor. There were bustling commercial streets and well-developed transportation system and perfect municipal man agement all of which presented a modern city before Chinese travelers. The appearance of Seoul had great changes while the owner of the city was also changed. Korean people who had been living there for many generations were replaced by extraneous Japanese, reducing victims being conquered. They have nothing to do with the prosperity or the progress of the capital city. They had to live in the places full of dirty streets, a totally different world. The 500-year inheritance of Joseon Dynasty, the majestic palaces and the beautiful gardens in Seoul all reveal the time-honored and splendid Korean culture whoses plendor however was enshrouded by the shadow of colonia lrule. As a traveler staying in Seoul for a short time, some Chinese were amazed at the great changes of the capital city and admired Japanese colonists’ “governance achievement” while most of the Chinese travelers from these changes saw the destroy of colonial rule to Korean people, Korean culture and Korean spirit which made them realize that the only thing brought into by the imposed “progress” and “development” is harm and destroy.

上海의 韓人社會와 醫學ㆍ健康

孫科志(Sun Kezhi),이민호(번역자) 한국한의학연구원 2008 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.14 No.2

After the opening of the korean port, the influx of koreans to Shanghai was expanded and lead to form their society. Among these koreans many dealt in Ginseng peddling, which proportion was big enough to influence Shanghai ginseng market. There were also koreans dealing in pharmaceutics. Korea Red Cross contributed greatly in the propagation of medical knowledge and health care in Shanghai korean society. Korean doctors opened their own clinics in the area of korean habitants. But overall size of clinics and the medical apparatus were minimal. By this reasons many koreans utilized general hospitals founded by foreigners and chinese.

Molybdenum Trioxide Dihydrate-Graphene Composite for Electrochemical Detection of Thiourea Molecule

Xinmeng Zhang,Kezhi Li,Hejun Li,Jinhua Lu,Leilei Zhang 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.3

A novel electrochemical sensing platform was constructed based on a facile self-assembly procedure synthetic laminar molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 · 2H2O)-graphene composite. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize the morphology and composition of the MoO3 · 2H2O-graphene composite. As a model molecule, thiourea was utilized to investigate the electrochemical behaviors of the MoO3 · 2H2O-graphene composite modified glass carbon electrode. The results show that the composite modified electrode has higher electron transfer rate than that of graphene modified electrode and bare glass carbon electrode meanwhile the peak currents of it has a good linear relationship with thiourea concentrations in the range of 2.40 X 10-3 − 19.3 X 10-3 M (R = 0.998) with detection limit of 4.99 µM (S/N = 3). This novel electrochemical sensor exhibits a higher absorption capacity (3.87 X 10-8 mol/cm2 ), a good reproducibility (1.41% relative standard deviation (RSD)), excellent anti-interference and a high stability. These excellent electrochemical properties of the MoO3 · 2H2O-graphene composite are attributed to the loose and porous structure and the synergistic effects between graphene and MoO3 · 2H2O, which make this composite material hold great potential applications for electrochemical sensor.

PREPARATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITIVE BEHAVIOR OF GRAPHENE BY MICROWAVE ASSISTED THERMAL REDUCTION OF GRAPHITE OXIDE IN HYDRAZINE HYDRATE

ZHEN SUN,Hejun Li,Kezhi Li,QIANGANG FU 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.6

Graphene platelets with a large scale have been synthesized by reduction of graphene oxide (GO)in aqueous solution of hydrazine hydrate under microwave irradiation (MWI). Microstructure ofthe graphene was characterized by X-ray di®raction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, atomic forcemicroscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) together with the selected areaelectron di®raction (SAED). The electrochemical properties were evaluated by the analysis ofcyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 1 M Na 2 SO 4aqueous solution. The results show that the as-prepared materials consist of crumpled, few-layer( ? 3 nm) thick and electronically conductive graphitic sheets. The supercapacitors fabricatedusing this material possess a low equivalent series resistance (ESR) value ? 1.6 ? and a highspeci¯c capacitance of 285 F ? g ? 1 . In addition, the graphene reduced under a diverse duration ofMWI displays a di®erent interlayer spacing, extent of reduction, level of graphitization andspeci¯c capacitances. The duration of MWI and the treatment methods strongly a®ect the mi-crostructure of graphene, and then dominate its electrochemical properties.

Joint Optimization for Residual Energy Maximization in Wireless Powered Mobile-Edge Computing Systems

( Peng Liu ),( Gaochao Xu ),( Kun Yang ),( Kezhi Wang ),( Yang Li ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.12

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) are both recognized as promising techniques, one is for solving the resource insufficient of mobile devices and the other is for powering the mobile device. Naturally, by integrating the two techniques, task will be capable of being executed by the harvested energy which makes it possible that less intrinsic energy consumption for task execution. However, this innovative integration is facing several challenges inevitably. In this paper, we aim at prolonging the battery life of mobile device for which we need to maximize the harvested energy and minimize the consumed energy simultaneously, which is formulated as residual energy maximization (REM) problem where the offloading ratio, energy harvesting time, CPU frequency and transmission power of mobile device are all considered as key factors. To this end, we jointly optimize the offloading ratio, energy harvesting time, CPU frequency and transmission power of mobile device to solve the REM problem. Furthermore, we propose an efficient convex optimization and sequential unconstrained minimization technique based combining method to solve the formulated multi-constrained nonlinear optimization problem. The result shows that our joint optimization outperforms the single optimization on REM problem. Besides, the proposed algorithm is more efficiency.

One-Step Solvothermal Synthesis of Tetranitro-Cobalt Phthalocyanine/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite

Lijuan Zhang,Hejun Li,QIANGANG FU,Zhanwei Xu,Kezhi Li,Jianfeng Wei 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2015 NANO Vol.10 No.3

Tetranitro-cobalt phthalocyanine/reduced graphene oxide (TNCoPc/RGO) composite was prepared using ethylene glycol as reducing agent and precursor. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to characterize the composite. The electrochemical performance of the composite was examined by cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode. The SEM observation and UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometer reveal that TNCoPc nanoparticles are closely contacted with RGO. The results show that the composite has a larger peak current and a higher current density than TNCoPc for oxygen reduction in an alkaline medium. This work offers a simple and environmental route for the synthesis of metal phthalocyanine (MPc)/RGO, which is adaptable to a wide range of applications in fuel cells.

Energy-Aware Preferential Attachment Model for Wireless Sensor Networks with Improved Survivability

( Rufei Ma ),( Erwu Liu ),( Rui Wang ),( Zhengqing Zhang ),( Kezhi Li ),( Chi Liu ),( Ping Wang ),( Tao Zhou ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.7

Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in topology research of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) where both energy consumption and survivability need careful consideration. To balance energy consumption and ensure survivability against both random failures and deliberate attacks, we resort to complex network theory and propose an energy-aware preferential attachment (EPA) model to generate a robust topology for WSNs. In the proposed model, by taking the transmission range and energy consumption of the sensor nodes into account, we combine the characters of Erdos -Renyi (ER) model and Barabasi-Albert (BA) model in this new model and introduce tunable coefficients for balancing connectivity, energy consumption, and survivability. The correctness of our theoretic analysis is verified by simulation results. We find that the topology of WSNs built by EPA model is asymptotically power-law and can have different characters in connectivity, energy consumption, and survivability by using different coefficients. This model can significantly improve energy efficiency as well as enhance network survivability by changing coefficients according to the requirement of the real environment where WSNs deployed and therefore lead to a crucial improvement of network performance.

Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Potential Mechanisms of Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy in Schizophrenia

Wanhong Peng,Qingyu Tan,Minglan Yu,Ping Wang,Tingting Wang,Jixiang Yuan,Dongmei Liu,Dechao Chen,Chaohua Huang,Youguo Tan,Kezhi Liu,Bo Xiang,Xuemei Liang 대한신경정신의학회 2021 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.18 No.5

Objective Schizophrenia (SCZ) is one of the most common and severe mental disorders. Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) is the most effective therapy for all kinds of SCZ, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study is aim to detect the molecule mechanism by constructing the transcriptome dataset from SCZ patients treated with MECT and health controls (HCs).Methods Transcriptome sequencing was performed on blood samples of 8 SCZ (BECT: before MECT; AECT: after MECT) and 8 HCs, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to cluster the different expression genes, enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) enrichment analysis were used to detect the related pathways.Results Three gene modules (black, blue and turquoise) were significantly associated with MECT, enrichment analysis found that the long-term potentiation pathway was associated with MECT. PPI enrichment p-value of black, blue, turquoise module are 0.00127, <1×10^-16 and 1.09×10^-13, respectively. At the same time, EP300 is a key node in the PPI for genes in black module, which got from the transcriptome sequencing data.Conclusion It is suggested that the long-term potentiation pathways were associated with biological mechanism of MECT.