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The Role of Protein Kinases in Reprogramming and Development of SCNT Embryos
Inchul Choi,Keith H. S. Campbell 한국수정란이식학회 2015 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.30 No.1
Successful somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been reported across a range of species using a range of recipient cells including enucleated metaphase II (MII) arrested oocytes, enucleated activated MII oocytes, and mitotic zygotes. However, the frequency of development to term varies significantly, not only between different cytoplast recipients but also within what is thought to be a homogenous population of cytoplasts. One of the major differences between cytoplasts is the activities of the cell cycle regulated protein kinases, maturation promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). Dependent upon their activity, exposure of the donor nucleus to these kinases can have both positive and negative effects on subsequent development. Co-ordination of cell cycle stage of the donor nucleus with the activities of MPF and MAPK in the cytoplast is essential to avoid DNA damage and maintain correct ploidy. However, recent information suggests that these kinases may also effect reprogramming of the somatic nucleus and preimplantation embryo development by other mechanisms. This article will summarise the differences between cytoplast recipients, their effects on development and discuss the potential role/s of MPF and or MAPK in nuclear reprogramming.
The Role of Protein Kinases in Reprogramming and Development of SCNT Embryos
최인철,Keith H. S. Campbell 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2015 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.30 No.1
Successful somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been reported across a range of species using a range ofrecipient cells including enucleated metaphase II (MII) arrested oocytes, enucleated activated MII oocytes, and mitoticzygotes. However, the frequency of development to term varies significantly, not only between different cytoplastrecipients but also within what is thought to be a homogenous population of cytoplasts. One of the major differencesbetween cytoplasts is the activities of the cell cycle regulated protein kinases, maturation promoting factor (MPF) andmitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). Dependent upon their activity, exposure of the donor nucleus to thesekinases can have both positive and negative effects on subsequent development. Co-ordination of cell cycle stage ofthe donor nucleus with the activities of MPF and MAPK in the cytoplast is essential to avoid DNA damage andmaintain correct ploidy. However, recent information suggests that these kinases may also effect reprogramming ofthe somatic nucleus and preimplantation embryo development by other mechanisms. This article will summarise thedifferences between cytoplast recipients, their effects on development and discuss the potential role/s of MPF and orMAPK in nuclear reprogramming
Factors Affecting the Development of Embryos Produced by Nuclear Transfer
이준희,Keith H. S. Campbell 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2012 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.27 No.4
The development of embryos reconstructed by nuclear transfer is dependent upon numerous factors including the type of recipient cell, method of enucleation, the type of donor cell, method of reconstruction, activation, the cell cycle stage of both the donor nucleus and the recipient cytoplasm and the method of culture of the reconstructed embryos. Many of these points which have been reviewed extensively elsewhere (Sun and Moor, 1995; Colman, 1999; Oback and Wells, 2002; Renard et al., 2002; Galli et al., 2003b), here we will concentrate on main area, the production of suitable cytoplast and nuclear donor, nuclear-cytoplasmic coordination, oocyte activation, culture of reconstructed embryos, and the effects that this may have on development
The Role of Protein Kinases in Reprogramming and Development of SCNT Embryos
Choi, Inchul,Campbell, Keith H.S. The Korean Society of Embryo Transfer 2015 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.30 No.1
Successful somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been reported across a range of species using a range of recipient cells including enucleated metaphase II (MII) arrested oocytes, enucleated activated MII oocytes, and mitotic zygotes. However, the frequency of development to term varies significantly, not only between different cytoplast recipients but also within what is thought to be a homogenous population of cytoplasts. One of the major differences between cytoplasts is the activities of the cell cycle regulated protein kinases, maturation promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). Dependent upon their activity, exposure of the donor nucleus to these kinases can have both positive and negative effects on subsequent development. Co-ordination of cell cycle stage of the donor nucleus with the activities of MPF and MAPK in the cytoplast is essential to avoid DNA damage and maintain correct ploidy. However, recent information suggests that these kinases may also effect reprogramming of the somatic nucleus and preimplantation embryo development by other mechanisms. This article will summarise the differences between cytoplast recipients, their effects on development and discuss the potential role/s of MPF and or MAPK in nuclear reprogramming.
Cocoa and Whey Protein Differentially Affect Markers of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism and Satiety
Caroline L. Campbell,E. Allen Foegeding,G. Keith Harris 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.3
Food formulation with bioactive ingredients is a potential strategy to promote satiety and weight management. ]Whey proteins are high in leucine and are shown to decrease hunger ratings and increase satiety hormone levels; cocoa polyphenolics moderate glucose levels and slow digestion. This study examined the effects of cocoa and whey proteins on lipid and glucose metabolism and satiety in vitro and in a clinical trial. In vitro, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with 0.5–100 μg/mL cocoa polyphenolic extract (CPE) and/or 1–15mM leucine (Leu) and assayed for lipid accumulation and leptin production. In vivo, a 6-week clinical trial consisted of nine panelists (age: 22.6 ± 1.7; BMI: 22.3 ± 2.1) consuming chocolateprotein beverages once per week, including placebo, whey protein isolate (WPI), low polyphenolic cocoa (LP), high polyphenolic cocoa (HP), LP-WPI, and HP-WPI. Measurements included blood glucose and adiponectin levels, and hunger ratings at baseline and 0.5–4.0 h following beverage consumption. At levels of 50 and 100 μg/mL, CPE significantly inhibited preadipocyte lipid accumulation by 35% and 50%, respectively, and by 22% and 36% when combined with 15mM Leu. Leu treatment increased adipocyte leptin production by 26–37%. In the clinical trial, all beverages significantly moderated blood glucose levels 30 min postconsumption. WPI beverages elicited lowest peak glucose levels and HP levels were significantly lower than LP. The WPI and HP beverage treatments significantly increased adiponectin levels, but elicited no significant changes in hunger ratings. These trends suggest that combinations of WPI and cocoa polyphenols may improve markers of metabolic syndrome and satiety.
Lee, Joon-Hee,Campbell, Keith H.S. The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2011 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.35 No.4
The development of embryos reconstructed by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is dependent upon numerous factors. Central to development is the quality and developmental competence of the recipient cytoplast and the type of the donor nucleus. Typically metaphase of the second meiotic division (MII) has become the cytoplast of choice. Production of a cytoplast requires removal of the recipient genetic material, however, it may remove proteins which are essential for development or reduce the levels of cytoplasmic proteins to influence subsequent reprogramming of the donor nucleus. In this study, enucleation at MII did not affect the activities of either MPF or MAPK kinases. Immunocytochemical staining showed that both Cyclin B1 (MPF) and Erk1/2 (MAPK) were associated with the meiotic spindle of AI/TI oocytes with little staining in the cytoplasm, however, at MII association of both proteins with the spindle had reduced and a greater degree of cytoplasmic distribution was observed. The analysis of oocyte proteins removed during enucleation is a difficult approach to the identification of factors which may be depleted in the cytoplast. This is primarily due to the large numbers of aspirated karyoplasts which would be required for the analysis.