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Hironori Kobayashi,Keiko Fujita,Shunji Suzuki,Tsutomu Takayanagi 한국식물생명공학회 2009 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.3 No.3
We investigated the transcriptional profiles of Japanese indigenous grape cultivar ‘Koshu’ (Vitis vinifera) leaf and berry skin during ripening. In leaf, 64 genes were abundantly transcribed at the end of ve´raison (14 weeks post-flowering), whereas the expression of 61 genes was upregulated at the end of ripening (20 weeks post-flowering). In berry skin, 67 genes were abundantly transcribed at the end of ve´raison, whereas the expression of 86 genes was upregulated at the end of ripening. Gene expression associated with biological processes was activated in both tissues at the end of ripening. The expression of genes associated with photosynthesis, sugar synthesis, anthocyanin synthesis, cinnamic acid synthesis, and amino acid metabolism was observed in leaf and berry skin during ripening, together with the accumulation of sugars, anthocyanins, cinnamic acids, and amino acids. Transcripts of AUX/IAA family proteins that repress the activities of auxin-induced proteins were expressed in berry skin at the end of ve´raison. Transcripts of genes related to the ubiquitin– proteasome system that degrades AUX/IAA family proteins were abundantly expressed in berry skin at the end of ripening, suggesting that the expansion of skin cells at ve´raison is suppressed by AUX/IAA family proteins, and that the ubiquitin–proteasome system induces the expansion of skin cells during ripening by degrading AUX/IAA family proteins. These transcriptional profiles, which provide new information on the characteristics of ‘Koshu’ grapevine during ripening, may explain the unique characteristics of ‘Koshu’ grape in comparison with those of European grapes used for winemaking, and may contribute to the improvement of ‘Koshu’ grape quality. We investigated the transcriptional profiles of Japanese indigenous grape cultivar ‘Koshu’ (Vitis vinifera) leaf and berry skin during ripening. In leaf, 64 genes were abundantly transcribed at the end of ve´raison (14 weeks post-flowering), whereas the expression of 61 genes was upregulated at the end of ripening (20 weeks post-flowering). In berry skin, 67 genes were abundantly transcribed at the end of ve´raison, whereas the expression of 86 genes was upregulated at the end of ripening. Gene expression associated with biological processes was activated in both tissues at the end of ripening. The expression of genes associated with photosynthesis, sugar synthesis, anthocyanin synthesis, cinnamic acid synthesis, and amino acid metabolism was observed in leaf and berry skin during ripening, together with the accumulation of sugars, anthocyanins, cinnamic acids, and amino acids. Transcripts of AUX/IAA family proteins that repress the activities of auxin-induced proteins were expressed in berry skin at the end of ve´raison. Transcripts of genes related to the ubiquitin– proteasome system that degrades AUX/IAA family proteins were abundantly expressed in berry skin at the end of ripening, suggesting that the expansion of skin cells at ve´raison is suppressed by AUX/IAA family proteins, and that the ubiquitin–proteasome system induces the expansion of skin cells during ripening by degrading AUX/IAA family proteins. These transcriptional profiles, which provide new information on the characteristics of ‘Koshu’ grapevine during ripening, may explain the unique characteristics of ‘Koshu’ grape in comparison with those of European grapes used for winemaking, and may contribute to the improvement of ‘Koshu’ grape quality.
Essential protocols for in vitro evaluation of nanoparticle
Hitoshi Iwahashi,Masanori Horie,Keiko Nishio,Shigehisa Endoh,Haruhisa Kato,Katsuhide Fujita,Shinichi Kinugasa,Arisa Miyauchi,Ayako Nakamura,Junko Takahashi,Etsuo Niki,Yasukazu Yoshida,Junko Nakanishi 한국환경독성학회 2010 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2010 No.11
Ippei Takeuchi,Manako Hanya,Junji Uno,Yuhei Amano,Keiko Fukai,Kiyoshi Fujita,Hiroyuki Kamei 대한정신약물학회 2016 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.14 No.3
Objective: It is well documented that clozapine treatment causes agranulocytosis, but it can also induce drowsiness, constipation, and hypersalivation; however, these symptoms are usually less severe. It has been reported that clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia and psychiatric healthcare professionals consider different side effects to be important. The aim of this study was to assess current practice related to the side effects of clozapine in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia and psychiatric healthcare professionals in Japan. Methods: Data were collected from January 2014 to August 2015 in Okehazama Hospital, Kakamigahara Hospital, and Numazu Chuo Hospital. Clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia and psychiatric healthcare professionals (psychiatrists and pharmacists) were enrolled in this study. Results: Of the 106 patients and 120 psychiatric healthcare professionals screened, 100 patients and 104 healthcare professionals were included in this study. We asked the patients what side effects caused them trouble and we asked psychiatric healthcare professionals what side effects caused them concern. The patients and psychiatrists held similarly positive views regarding the efficacy of clozapine. The healthcare professionals were concerned about agranulocytosis (92.4%), blood routines (61.3%). On the other hand, the patients experienced hypersalivation (76.0%), sleepiness (51.0%). A positive correlation (R=0.696) was found between patient satisfaction and DAI-10 score. Conclusion: Patients experienced more problems than healthcare professionals expected. However, usage experience of clozapine healthcare professionals tended to have similar results to patients. It is necessary that all healthcare professionals fully understand the efficacy and potential side effects of clozapine. This is very important for promoting clozapine treatment in Japan.