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Misrepresentation of the IPCC CO2 emission scenarios
Manning, M. R.,Edmonds, J.,Emori, S.,Grubler, A.,Hibbard, K.,Joos, F.,Kainuma, M.,Keeling, R. F.,Kram, T.,Manning, A. C.,Meinshausen, M.,Moss, R.,Nakicenovic, N.,Riahi, K.,Rose, S. K.,Smith, S.,Swart, Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2010 Nature geoscience Vol.3 No.6
Diazo-Coupling에 미치는 金屬 Ion의 影響
徐吉龍 釜山工業大學校 1969 論文集 Vol.8 No.-
Diazonium鹽을 Phenol類에 Coupling시키는 反應은 元來 Phenol類의 水酸基의 para位置에서 가장 잘 일어나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 金屬 Ion을 添加함으로써 ortho位置의 Coupling이 조금이라도 增加한다면, 金屬 Ion이 配向性을 變化시킬 수 있다는 点에서 興味꺼리가 아닐 수 없다. 더구나 生成되는 o-Hydroxyazo化合物은 金屬錯鹽染料의 中間體로서 最近에 相當히 重要視되고 있으며, 따라서 o-Coupling 反應은 工業的으로도 價値 있는 反應이라고 생각한다. 이와 같은 目的으로 (1) Phenol에 Benzenediazonium choloride를 Coupling를 Coupling시킬 때의 ?? Zn², ?? , Ion의 影響 및 (2) p-Bromophenol에 Benzenediazonium chloride를 Coupling시킬 때의 ??, ?? , ?? , ?? , Ion의 影響에 關해서 硏究한 結果, (2)의 境遇에는 金屬 Ion을 添加하지 않는 境遇에 比해서 ortho-Coupling速度가 커짐을 認定했다.
吉鎔鉉 慶熙大學校 1979 論文集 Vol.9 No.-
The cultivated land of Korea (the South) occupies 22,400 ㎢ showing 22.4 percent of the total land. Considering present level of nutritive supply and agricultural productivity, the farming land requires 0.1 ha per head (worldwide average accounts for 0.4 ha), and our population reaching 36 million calls for 36,000 ㎢. Now the self-sufficient rate of provisions (foodstuff) is less than 75% and we have to import grains of the rest about 25% chiefly such as wheat, corn and soy bean, etc. For self-supply of this shortage, more than 10,000 ㎢ is necessary. The forthcoming increase of population and quality and quantity of foodstuff are expected to deepen serious lack of the agricultural land while the developing urbanization and industrialization bring about a concurrence of the land use. As the want of our farming land appears, the dependance on other industries will be enhanced ten to one. In this respect a phenomenon of free import must be faced and government leaders of countries that are short of provisions should cope with this difficult situation at any rate taking into consideration the possibility that foodstuff may be a fearful weapon. The self-sufficiency of foodstuff is absolutely necessary directly to our national security dimension. Agricultural products in Korea run short of international competitive power and many urge free import. Meanwhile many countries in the world have achieved their self-sustaining basis through modernization of agricultural technalogy and expansion of the tillable land, etc. Korea's prediction demand to agricultural utilization of land are varied owing to the increase of population, changes of industrial structure, foodstuff demand, scientific technology and agricultural productivity, etc., and the caculation variables and imput variables are influenced by the changes automatically. Accordingly the way to establish a comprehensive model may be proper theoretically but our absolute want of the tillable land requires the expansion of a farming land enhancement of its quality and the steps to prevent from encroachment of the land. The prospect of utilizing agricultural land enables us to presume a prediction of population and quantity of foodstuff consumption. Moreover the possibility of national territory's use and the demand prediction of the agricultural land could be made to realize self-sustaining foodstuff by estimating the potenciality of tillable land and the objective area for its qualitative progress. Now the tidal reclaimed land of Korea is estimated 4,010 ㎢ while tillable occupies 8,500 ㎢, and the objective area far irrigation works in order to make a qualitative progress of agricultural land is 2,800 ㎢ while the area able to arrange paddy field occupies 2,900 ㎢. Agricultural potential area owing to survey of land classification and soil shows 35,000 ㎢. The demand of our farming land in 2,000s is estimated 40,000 ㎢, and potential area for ace planting will be 10,000 ㎢. And other fields, vegetables, fruit trees, grains of special use. grass land, facilities of a farming basis and agricultural life are estimated 30,000 ㎢. Taking into consideration that Korean population will reach 60 million in 2,050, and that standard unit of nutrition according to prof. L.D. Stamp, the rice planting area requires 30,000 ㎢.