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Aero-Structural Optimization of a Wing Equipped with Winglets
Kazushige Sato,Hideo Iso 한국항공우주학회 2008 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
The purpose of this work is to develop the winglets optimization process with trading between aerodynamic benefits and structural penalties. The evaluation model of winglets has been developed using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) coupled with wing structure models. A wing aero-elastic deformation at the flight condition is estimated using a beam model and air-load obtained from CFD (Euler code). Consequently, the aerodynamic performance of a wing equipped with winglets is evaluated at the 1-G night shape including wing aero-elastic penalties. The weight impacts are evaluated by resizing wing structure models to resist critical loads with the winglets. The evaluation model has been extended to optimization process using response surface method (RSM). The optimization process has been applied to design of winglets for a small civil airplane (The MTOW is 55ton). In present work. the winglet design variables consist of a span, a cant angle and an incidence. Wing twist distribution is also considered as a design variable to optimize the load distribution of wing-winglet configuration and correct wing shape at 1-G cruise condition. As a result, optimized wing with winglets provides significant cruise drag reduction with less weight impacts.
Hayashi Nanako,Nagatsuka Haruna,Sato Mikako,Kazushige Goto 한국운동영양학회 2023 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.27 No.2
[Purpose] Exercise-induced hemolysis, which is caused by metabolic and/or mechanical stress during exercise, is considered a potential factor for upregulating hepcidin. Intramuscular carnosine has multiple effects including antioxidant activity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether long-term carnosine/ anserine supplementation modulates exercise-induced hemolysis and subsequent hepcidin elevation. [Methods] Seventeen healthy male participants were allocated to two different groups: participants consuming 1,500 mg/day of carnosine/anserine supplements (n = 9, C+A group) and participants consuming placebo powder supplements (n = 8, PLA group). The participants consumed carnosine/anserine or placebo supplements daily for 30.7 ± 0.4 days. They performed an 80-running session at 70% V4 O pre-and 2peak post-supplementation. Iron regulation and inflammation in response to exercise were evaluated. [Results] Serum iron concentrations significantly increased after exercise (p < 0.01) and serum haptoglobin concentrations decreased after exercise in both groups (p < 0.01). No significant differences in these variables were observed between pre-and post-supplementation. Serum hepcidin concentration significantly increased 180 min after exercise in both groups (p < 0.01). The integrated area under the curve of hepcidin significantly decreased after supplementation (p = 0.011) but did not vary between the C+A and PLA groups. [Conclusion] Long-term carnosine/anserine supplementation does not affect iron metabolism after a single endurance exercise session.