Rule Ordering and Optimality Theory

Hyunsook Kang 한국음운론학회 1997 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.3 No.-

Kang, Hyunsook. 1997. Rule Ordering and Optimality Theory. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 3, 57-76. Lakoff (1993) argues that phonological rules in Yawelmani should be ordered to one another and therefore, that three phonological levels are motivated not only for theoretical reasons but for empirical reasons. In this paper, I examine phonological rules in Yawelmani and attempt to dispense with three phonological levels suggested in Lakoff (1993). (Hanyang University)

Affixation to English Loanwords

Hyunsook Kang 한국음운론학회 1999 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.5 No.2

Kang, Hyunsook. 1999. Affixation to English Loanwords. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 5.2, 291-307. In this paper, we discuss the process of how a foreign word is adopted in Korean and what lexical form it should have in the lexicon. Ito & Mester (1995) argue that the same lexical inputs will result in different surface forms depending on the different constraint rankings, namely native ranking or foreign ranking. I will examine the process of adoption when an English loanword is affixed with a native Korean suffix. I will show that foreign words are first undergo the phonotactic constraints of the foreign ranking. Secondly, the outputs selected by this process are stored in the lexicon as a lexical base and affixation of native morphemes occurs on these bases. (Hanyang University)

Perception grammar for loanwords

Hyunsook Kang 한국음운론학회 2001 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.7 No.2

Perception Grammar for Loanwords. Kang, Hyunsook. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 7.2. 301-313. This paper is concerned with how perception influences the surface forms of loanwords. I argue that the /t+s/ cluster in English is adopted as [ch] in loanwords due to its perceptual similarity to [ch] rather than [ts] in Korean. I also argue that different surface forms of /ts/ and /t?/ in English appear in loanwords due to different acoustic cues. Furthermore, 1 consider surface forms of liquid in loanwords and show that perception is again responsible for the appearance of/?/ in phrase-initial position and different surface realizations of /Consonant+Liquid/ clusters. (Hanyang University)

Glide Formation and Compensatory Lengthening within Sympathy Theory

Hyunsook Kang 한국음운론학회 1998 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.4 No.-

Kang, Hyunsook. 1998. Glide Formation and Compensatory Lengthening within Sympathy Theory. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 4, 69-87. In this paper, I analyze the vowel hiatus resolutions, namely, vowel deletion and glide formation in Korean within Sympathy Theory (McCarthy 1997). Two kinds of vowel hiatus resolutions are discussed; obligatory and optional. I will show that obligatory vowel hiatus resolution takes place in the input-to-output correspondence and optional one in the output-to-output correspondence. (Hanyang University)

Cross-generational Change of /o/ and /u/ in Seoul Korean Ⅱ

Kang, Hyunsook,Han, Jeong-Im 한국음성학회 2013 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.5 No.2

This is a follow-up study on Han and Kang (2013) which argued that the Euclidean distances between /o/ and /u/ in Seoul Korean decreased in the first syllable position as speakers were among younger female speakers but not for male speakers, whereas in the second syllable position both gender groups showed a cross-generational decreasing effect of the Euclidean distance between /o/ and /u/. This study normalized the same data in Han and Kang (2013) which measured 12 speakers (six males and six females) for each Age group and investigated the spectral changes vowels /o/ and /u/ between age and gender, using the log-mean normalized statistical results. This study also examined overlap fraction values generated in SOAM 2D (F1 x F2) (cf. Wassink, 2006), which may also indicate the proximity of two vowels in question. The results showed that /o/ and /u/ vowels were making closer with /o/ raising for female speakers in V₁ and V₂ positions but only in the V₂ position for male speakers. That is, females led the upward movement of peripheral /o/ vowel, just like the raising of ‘e’ and ‘o’ in New York City (Labov, 1991). The results also showed that younger speakers used a rather narrow vowel space for the vowels. This also contributed to the proximity of the vowels /o/ and /u/, resulting in rather large overlap fraction values for younger speakers between these two vowels.

The Evaluation of Clinical Research Coordinator Training Program

Hyunsook Kang,Hyunsook Shin,Wonok Kim,Jisoon Kang,Joomin Park 한국간호과학회 2009 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

/h/ in Korean : aspiration merger and /s/ - tensification

강현숙(Hyunsook Kang) 한국음운론학회 2004 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.10 No.3

In this paper, I investigate aspiration merger and /s/-tensification in Korean that occur when segment /h/ is next to obstruents. First, I discuss the claims made by Davis and Cho (2003) for aspiration merger, and argue that one of their claims, namely that the skeletal slot of segment /h/ deletes in word-internal position, cannot be maintained. I show that the data they based their claim on are too limited. Instead, I suggest that when /h/ precedes another consonant, its skeletal slot never deletes, but rather triggers /s/-tensification and etc. In particular, I will argue that tense [S*] is a long segment (cf. geminate) and is derived in /h-s/ sequence as the result of the spreading of the frication of plain /s/ to a preceding skeletal slot previously occupied by /h/. The claim that (prosodic word-internal) intervocalic tense [S*] is a long segment (i.e. geminate) in Korean is based on a perception study on English [s] into Korean that shows that the length of frication significantly affects Koreans' perception of English [s] into tense [S*] and plain [s] (cf. Kang and Kang 2004).

Closure Duration and Pitch as Phonetic Cues to Korean Stop Identity in AP Medial Position: Production Test

Hyunsook Kang,Laura Dilley 한국음성학회 2007 음성과학 Vol.14 No.3

The present study investigated some phonetic attributes which distinguish two Korean stop types ?aspirated and lax? in a prosodic position which has previously received little attention, namely medial in an accentual phrase. The intonational pattern across syllables which are initial in an accentual phrase (Jun, 1993) is said to depend on the type of stop (aspirated or lax), while that of syllables which are medial in an accentual phrase are not. In Experiment 1, nine native Korean speakers read sentences with a controlled prosodic pattern in which aspirated or lax stops occurred in accentual phrase-medial position. Acoustic analysis revealed significant differences between aspirated and lax stops in closure duration, voice-onset time, and fundamental frequency (F0) values for post-stop vowels. The results indicate that a wider range of acoustic cues distinguish aspirated and lax Korean stops than previously demonstrated. Phonetic and phonological models of consonant-tone interactions for Korean will need to be revised to account for these results.

The Role of H Tone of an AP in Korean: The Relation Between Prosody and Morphology`

Hyunsook Kang 한국음성학회 2008 음성과학 Vol.15 No.1

This paper investigates tonal patterns of the prosodic constituents of an AP and a PWD in Korean and their relation with the morphological/syntactic structure. Specifically, this paper asks the following questions: First, if there are more than one PWD in an AP, how is each PWD specified in terms of tones? Secondly, in case that there is only one PWD in an AP that consists of several morphemes, is there any preference of the association between tones and the morphemes that constitute that PWD? Thirdly, if an AP dominates a PWD and if a PWD contains at least one morpheme of the lexical category, it follows that an AP should contain at least one morpheme of the lexical category. Can this be verified with the experimental data In order to answer these questions, Experiment I and II were conducted with the target material consisting of a stem and suffixes that varied in length. The results of this preliminary test show that as the number of syllables in the target material increases, the more number of an AP tonal pattern occurs in it and as a result, in some cases, an AP consisting of suffixes only may occur.

Adaptation of English words with liquids into Korean

Hyunsook Kang 한국음운론학회 2003 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.9 No.2

This paper discusses how foreign words with a liquid are adapted into Korean. I examine cases where a liquid appears as a part of a cluster and cases where a liquid appears as a singleton in a foreign word. I first show that liquids within a cluster in a foreign word are adapted as different segments in Korean depending on which segment precedes them. In specific, I examine how a liquid within a /t+l/ cluster or within a /nasal+liquid/ cluster is adapted into Korean and discuss what critical constraint rankings are involved in this adaptation process. Secondly, I discuss why a singleton liquid in the word-initial position of a foreign word surfaces as a liquid in a recent loanword even if liquid is avoided in this position in Korean phonology. Following the usage-based model by Bybee (1988, etc.), I argue that words are the units that are stored in lexicon and that words tend not to have variants. Therefore, words that surface as nasal-initial should be represented as nasal-initial rather than liquid-initial. That is, I argue that a Sino-Korean word ‘labor’ might be represented as /nodoŋ/, not as /Lodoŋ/ in lexicon.