Anti-Japanese sentiment in South Korea and education : a comparative study of the Philippines and South Korea = 한국의 반일 감정과 교육 : 필리핀과 한국의 비교 연구

Kanai, Suguru 서강대학교 국제대학원 2020 국내석사

한국의 반일 감정은 강도의 측면에서 매우 독특하다. 이 강한 반일 정서는 1965 년 한일 외교 정상화 이후에도 사라지지 않았으며 시간이 지남에 따라 오히려 더 강해졌다. 현재 일본과의 관계가 정상화 되어있는 다른 국가에서는 이러한 강력한 반일 감정이 보이지 않는다. 이 반일 감정의 독특함은 현재의 한일 관계에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 간주 될 수 있다. 역사, 정치, 경제 및 문화적 설명과 같은 다양한 관점에서 한국의 반일 감정에 대한 기존의 설명이 네 가지로 나뉘어져 있는 것은 틀림 없다. 이 모든 기존의 설명은 한국인들이 일본에 대해 적대감을 느꼈다는 이유를 이해할 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 이러한 설명은 한국의 반일 감정의 독특한 특성에 기여하는 특정 요인을 식별하는 데 부족하다. 따라서 이 연구는 교육을 누락 된 설명 변수 중 하나로 묘사 할 것이다. 이 가설을 검증하기 위해 필리핀의 사례와 비교 분석을 수행했다. 필리핀 사건은 제 2 차 세계 대전 동안 일본의 점령을 경험 한 동남아시아 국가들을 대표한다. 여기서 필리핀과 한국은 일본과 비슷한 외교 관계를 경험했다는 점에 주목해야한다. 이 비교 사례 분석은 교육이 한국과 필리핀 사이에 일본의 반일 감정에 독립적 인 차이를 만들었다는 걸 증명했다. 일본과 한국의 현재 악화되고 있는 관계를 개선하기 위해서는 한국의 독특한 반일 정서의 중요한 요소를 명확히 하는 것이 매우 유익하다. The Anti-Japanese sentiment in South Korea is very unique in terms of intensity. This intense sentiment has not disappeared even after the Japan-South Korea diplomatic normalization in 1965 and has rather intensified with time. As of today, this intense Anti-Japanese sentiment is not observed in other countries that have normalized relations with Japan. The uniqueness of this Anti-Japanese sentiment can be considered as a factor influencing the current Japan-South Korea relations. Arguably, there are four strands of existing explanations for the Anti-Japanese sentiment in South Korea from various perspectives, such as historical, political, economic, and cultural explanation. All these existing explanations are intelligible to reason that South Korean people have felt hostility toward Japan. Nevertheless, these explanations come short of identifying the specific factor contributing to the unique nature of the Anti-Japanese sentiment in South Korea. Therefore, this research will portray education as one of the missing explanatory variables. In order to verify this hypothesis, this research conducts a comparative case analysis with the Philippines case. The Philippines case represents Southeast Asian countries that have experienced the Japanese occupation during the Second World War. It should be noted here that both the Philippines and South Korea have experienced similar diplomatic relations with Japan. This comparative case analysis proved that education has made an independent difference in Anti-Japanese sentiment between South Korea and the Philippines. It is very beneficial to clarify a significant factor of the unique Anti-Japanese sentiment in South Korea to improve the current worsening relations between Japan and South Korea.

Surface chemistry of silicon: First principles studies of reaction mechanisms

Kanai, Yosuke Princeton University 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

In this thesis we theoretically study chemical reactions on silicon surfaces using first-principles calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). To elucidate the reaction mechanisms, the String method recently introduced by E et al. (Phys. Rev. B, 66, 052301 (2002)) was combined with first-principles molecular dynamics in the context of DFT. This approach enables us to accurately determine the chemical reaction pathways and transition states on the potential energy surface given by DFT. The strengths and limitations of the present approach are analyzed with several reactions, and the implications are discussed. The chemisorption of a hydrogen molecule on the reconstructed Si(001) 2x1 surface is re-examined first. Adsorption experiments indicate the existence of an adsorption barrier whereas desorption experiments do not observe such barrier. The "barrier puzzle" has received much attention in the last decade and only recently a consistent explanation has emerged in the literature. The surface reconstruction is found to play a prominent role in understanding the reaction and its mechanism. The surface radical chain reaction on the hydrogen-terminated Si(111) surface is then studied to obtain insights into experimental observations concerning the organic functionalization of the surface. The chain reaction approach is considered to be a particularly promising way of functionalizing silicon surfaces as the basis of organic-inorganic hybrid devices. The feasibility of the approach is experimentally observed to depend on the type of molecule. Our work shows that the molecular conjugation greatly influences the viability of the reaction by stabilizing the reaction intermediate state. We also show that the consequence of such an effect for the reaction depends on the type of interface that the adsorbed organic molecule forms with the silicon surface. In the same context, we studied an optically activated functionalization that was recently demonstrated experimentally. Of the two possible reaction mechanisms, the one which leads to the surface radical chain reaction was theoretically determined to be a more favorable mechanism, in agreement with experimental observations.

韓國人日本語學習者の日本語破裂音の音響音聲學的硏究

kanai, Satomi 忠南大學校 大學院 2013 국내석사

Fine-Mapping Complex Traits in Large-Scale Biobanks Across Diverse Populations

Kanai, Masahiro Harvard University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

Identifying causal variants for complex traits is a major goal of human genetics research. Despite the great success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in locus discovery, individual causal variants in associated loci remain largely unresolved, limiting the biological inference possible from follow-up experimentation. In this dissertation, I present our fine-mapping analyses of complex traits in large-scale biobanks across diverse populations to create an atlas of causal variants.We first fine-mapped complex traits using 361,194 European individuals from UK Biobank (UKBB) and gene expression using 49 tissues from GTEx (Chapter 1). We then extended our fine-mapping of complex traits to multiple populations, using 178,726 Japanese individuals from BioBank Japan and 271,341 Finnish individuals from FinnGen (Chapter 2). In total, we identified 4,518 variant-trait pairs with high posterior probability (> 0.9) of causality across the three populations. Aggregating data across populations enabled replication of 285 high-confidence variant-trait pairs as well as identification of 1,492 unique fine-mapped coding variants and 176 genes in which multiple independent coding variants influence the same trait. These results demonstrate that fine-mapping in diverse populations enables novel insights into the biology of complex traits by pinpointing high-confidence causal variants for further characterization.Next, we investigated fine-mapping accuracy in GWAS meta-analysis (Chapter 3). We demonstrated that meta-analysis fine-mapping is substantially miscalibrated in simulations and proposed a novel quality-control method, SLALOM, that identifies suspicious loci for meta-analysis fine-mapping. Having validated SLALOM performance in simulations, we found widespread suspicious patterns in existing GWAS significant loci that call into question fine-mapping accuracy. We thus urge extreme caution when interpreting fine-mapping results from meta-analysis.Finally, we introduce a new polygenic risk score (PRS) method, PolyPred, that improves cross-population polygenic prediction by combining a new fine-mapping-based predictor and a published BOLT-LMM predictor (Chapter 4). Leveraging estimated causal effects from fine-mapping enabled higher PRS transferability in non-European populations, achieving up to +32% improvement in prediction accuracy vs. BOLT-LMM using UKBB Africans.Altogether, this work demonstrates key advances in fine-mapping complex traits across diverse populations and provides insights into further variant characterization as well as improved polygenic prediction based on fine-mapping.

Leadership behaviors that mitigate burnout and empower Japanese nurses

Kanai-Pak, Masako The University of Arizona 2009 해외공개박사

Work environments for health care providers in acute care hospitals have become increasingly demanding due to the impact of economic constraints, the rapid advancement of treatment modalities, and value systems changes among clients, as well as among heath care providers. In Japan, health care industries also face severe economic constraints. Because Japan has socialized medicine, the government controls reimbursements. Due to the dramatic growth in health care expenditures, the Japanese government has imposed regulations that reward shorter lengths of hospital stays with higher reimbursement. As a result, only patients whose conditions are critical and require complicated nursing care are now hospitalized. Consequently, the acuity levels of patients have increased every year. Under such conditions, administrators are charged with keeping the organization financially solvent so that they can remain in business, while continuing to improve the quality of their services. Although systems research in health care settings has received considerable attention in North American countries, there has been little research in this area in Japan, where systematic leadership training for nurse managers is also still in a developmental stage. Research on organizational effectiveness has shown positive correlations between managers' leadership styles and employees' psychological wellbeing or selfefficacy. The purposes of this study were: (1) to test Laschinger's Work Empowerment Theory with incorporation of leadership behaviors in acute care hospitals in Japan, and (2) to investigate how leadership behaviors might mitigate burnout and empower staff nurses working in acute care hospitals in Japan. It was expected that employees who perceived a high level of Structural Empowerment would demonstrate high Psychological Empowerment and low burnout level. If employees perceived high leadership behaviors in their immediate supervisors, their Psychological Empowerment was expected to be higher and their burnout level was expected to be lower. The following four instruments were used: (1) Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire II (CWEQII); (2) Psychological Empowerment Scale; (3) Nurse Manager's Action Scale; and (4) Maslach Burnout Inventory. The questionnaire was distributed to 1,377 staff nurses working on 50 inpatient care units in two acute care hospitals in Japan. Participant response rates for all units were equal or greater than 50%. Psychometric evaluation of the instruments was performed. Construct validity and reliability were established for all instruments at the individual level. At the group level, construct validity and reliability for two instruments (Structural Empowerment and Nurse Manger's Action Scale) were confirmed, but not for two others (Psychological Empowerment and Maslach Burnout Inventory). Results suggested that the Work Empowerment Theory also fits Japanese nurses, but there was little effect of leadership behaviors on staff nurses' perceived empowerment. A group level analysis indicated that leadership behaviors did not influence Psychological Empowerment or Burnout, but influenced Structural Empowerment. Nurse managers' leadership behaviors were shown to relate directly to staff nurses' perceptions of Structural Empowerment. The hypothesized model in which nurse manager's leadership behaviors directly related to Psychological Empowerment and Burnout was not supported.