Another look at sa-insertion in Japanese

Kan Sasaki 한국음운론학회 2013 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.19 No.1

The sa-inserted causative form is a substandard form of the causative predicate. For this phenomenon, there are two analyses, the suffix leveling analysis and the double causative analysis. The present paper advocates a third analysis, the stem leveling analysis, where sa-insertion results from treating the host for causative suffixation as the irrealis stem across the board. This analysis is compatible with all the range of sub-standard causative forms, including rarely mentioned irrealis based causative form of the s-irregular verb. (Sapporo Gakuin University)

Another look at sa-insertion in Japanese

Sasaki, Kan 한국음운론학회 2013 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.19 No.1

The sa-inserted causative form is a sub-standard form of the causative predicate. For this phenomenon, there are two analyses, the suffix leveling analysis and the double causative analysis. The present paper advocates a third analysis, the stem leveling analysis, where sa-insertion results from treating the host for causative suffixation as the irrealis stem across the board. This analysis is compatible with all the range of sub-standard causative forms, including rarely mentioned irrealis based causative form of the s-irregular verb.

Conversion of percutaneous cholecystostomy to transmural endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage in malignant biliary obstruction

Motoyasu Kan,Yusuke Hashimoto,Taro Shibuki,Gen Kimura,Kumiko Umemoto,Kazuo Watanabe,Mitsuhito Sasaki,Hideaki Takahashi,Hiroshi Imaoka,Izumi Ohno,Shuichi Mitsunaga,Masafumi Ikeda 소화기인터벤션의학회 2019 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.8 No.2

Background: In patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction, it is a challenge to manage acute cholecystitis secondary to cystic duct obstruc-tion associated with tumor progression or stent compression. Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) has been used as the treatment option of choice, because of its ease of performance and safety, but because of the use of an external drainage tube, some patients experience a de-creased quality of life. We report the technical success and clinical success of conversion from PTGBD to endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) for the treatment of acute cholecystitis in patients with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction.Methods: We included the patients with cholecystitis secondary to unresectable malignant biliary obstruction who underwent conversion from PT-GBD to EUS-GBD in the study. After PTGBD for the treatment of acute cholecystitis, we performed EUS-GBD and a plastic stent or a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) was placed for fistulostomy.Results: Fourteen patients (median age, 69 years; 9 males and 5 females) underwent conversion to EUS-GBD after clinical improvement of cholecys-titis by PTGBD. The technical success rate of the conversion from PTGBD to EUS-GBD was 100% (14/14). EUS-GBD was performed in a median of 9.5 days (range, 3–51 days) after PTGBD procedure, using mainly a plastic stent (13 patients) and a covered SEMS in one patient. The early (within 24 hours) adverse events rate was 14.3% (2/14), and the late (after 24 hours) adverse events rate was 7.1% (1/14). The rate of recurrence of cholecystitis was 28.6% (4/14). These patients underwent endoscopic re-intervention and there were no cases of further recurrence of cholecystitis. Conclusion: Conversion of PTGBD to EUS-GBD demonstrated a feasible and safe technique for acute cholecystitis in non-surgical candidates with malignant biliary obstruction.

Conversion of percutaneous cholecystostomy to transmural endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage in malignant biliary obstruction

Motoyasu Kan,Yusuke Hashimoto,Taro Shibuki,Gen Kimura,Kumiko Umemoto,Kazuo Watanabe,Mitsuhito Sasaki,Hideaki Takahashi,Hiroshi Imaoka,Izumi Ohno,Shuichi Mitsunaga,Masafumi Ikeda 소화기인터벤션의학회 2019 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.8 No.2

Background: In patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction, it is a challenge to manage acute cholecystitis secondary to cystic duct obstruc-tion associated with tumor progression or stent compression. Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) has been used as the treatment option of choice, because of its ease of performance and safety, but because of the use of an external drainage tube, some patients experience a de-creased quality of life. We report the technical success and clinical success of conversion from PTGBD to endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) for the treatment of acute cholecystitis in patients with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction.Methods: We included the patients with cholecystitis secondary to unresectable malignant biliary obstruction who underwent conversion from PT-GBD to EUS-GBD in the study. After PTGBD for the treatment of acute cholecystitis, we performed EUS-GBD and a plastic stent or a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) was placed for fistulostomy.Results: Fourteen patients (median age, 69 years; 9 males and 5 females) underwent conversion to EUS-GBD after clinical improvement of cholecys-titis by PTGBD. The technical success rate of the conversion from PTGBD to EUS-GBD was 100% (14/14). EUS-GBD was performed in a median of 9.5 days (range, 3–51 days) after PTGBD procedure, using mainly a plastic stent (13 patients) and a covered SEMS in one patient. The early (within 24 hours) adverse events rate was 14.3% (2/14), and the late (after 24 hours) adverse events rate was 7.1% (1/14). The rate of recurrence of cholecystitis was 28.6% (4/14). These patients underwent endoscopic re-intervention and there were no cases of further recurrence of cholecystitis. Conclusion: Conversion of PTGBD to EUS-GBD demonstrated a feasible and safe technique for acute cholecystitis in non-surgical candidates with malignant biliary obstruction.

Minocycline-induced Periarticular Black Bones in Inflamed Joints Which Underwent Arthroplastic Reconstruction

Suran Yang,Yuya Takakubo,Shinji Kobayashi,Tamon Asano,Akiko Sasaki,Kan Sasaki,Hiroharu Ohki,Yasunobu Tamaki,Michiaki Takagi 대한정형외과학회 2012 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.4 No.3

Background: Minocycline-induced pigmentation of bone (black bone) is well described in tooth-bearing intra-oral bone, but is less known in periarticular bone in patients who have undergone total joint arthroplasty. On a retrospective basis, we investigated the short-term clinico-radiological results of total joint arthroplasties in which the patient developed minocycline-induced periarticular black bone. Methods: We found 5 cases (0.08%), in 4 patients, of periarticular bone pigmentation revealed during total joint arthroplasties (2 hips, 2 knees, and 1 ankle) in our series of total joint surgeries (6,548 cases) over a 10-year time period in our 3 institutes. Their mean age was 56 years at surgery. All patients had received long-term minocycline treatment. Mean dosage and duration of minocycline was 160 mg/day and 2.2 years, respectively. Minocycline had been prescribed for reactive arthritis (one), rheumatoid arthritis (two) and late infection after total joint arthroplasty (two patients). Mean follow-up period was 3.4 years after the surgeries. Results: All cases had black or brown pigmentation in the periarticular bones during the surgery. There was no pigmentation in the cartilage or soft tissues of the joints. The mean Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score or Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) scale for rheumatoid arthritis foot and ankle joints at latest follow-up (case 1, 66; case 2, 87; case 3, 77; case 4, 77; case 5, 80) improved compared to those of pre-surgery (case 1, 47; case 2, 45; case 3, 55; case 4, 34; case 5, 55). No implant loosening was noted on radiographic examination during the follow-up period. No abnormal bone formation, bone necrosis, hemosiderin deposition, malignancy or metallic debris was found on histological examination. Conclusions: No clinico-radiological symptoms of total joint arthroplasties showed in the patients with minocycline-induced periariticular black bone in the short-term. Systemic minocycline treatment has the potential to induce significant black pigmentation of many tissues. In particular, minocycline-induced pigmentation of periarticular bone may be accelerated by inflammation due to rheumatic or pyogenic arthritis. Surgeons should recognize the risk of bone pigmentation in inflamed joints due to the systemic treatment of minocycline and explore its influence on periarticular bone and total joint arthroplasty in the long-term.