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S–N Fatigue and Fatigue Crack Propagation Behaviors of X80 Steel at Room and Low Temperatures
Jung, D. H.,Kwon, J. K.,Woo, N. S.,Kim, Y. J.,Goto, M.,Kim, S. Springer Science + Business Media 2014 Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physi Vol.45 No.2
<P>In the present study, the S-N fatigue and the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behaviors of American Petroleum Institute X80 steel were examined in the different locations of the base metal (BM), weld metal (WM), and heat-affected zone (HAZ) at 298 K, 223 K, and 193 K (25 degrees C, 50 degrees C, and 80 degrees C). The resistance to S-N fatigue of X80 BM specimen increased greatly with decreasing temperature from 298 K to 193 K (25 degrees C to -80 degrees C) and showed a strong dependency on the flow strength (1/2(yield strength + tensile strength)). The FCP rates of X80 BM specimen were substantially reduced with decreasing temperature from 298 K to 223 K (25 degrees C to 50 degrees C) over the entire Delta K regime, while further reduction in FCP rates was not significant with temperature from 223 K to 193 K (-50 degrees C to -80 degrees C). The FCP rates of the X80 BM and the WM specimens were comparable with each other, while the HAZ specimen showed slightly better FCP resistance than the BM and the WM specimens over the entire Delta K regime at 298 K (25 degrees C). Despite the varying microstructural characteristics of each weld location, the residual stress appeared to be a controlling factor to determine the FCP behavior. The FCP behaviors of high strength X80 steel were discussed based on the microstructural and the fractographic observations. (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2013</P>
CLEAVAGE OF MOUSE OOCYTES AFTER THE INJECTION OF IMMOBILIZED, KILLED SPERMATOZOA
Goto, K.,Kinoshita, A.,Kuroda, A.,Nakanishi, Y.,Ogawa, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1991 Animal Bioscience Vol.4 No.3
Immobilized (killed) mouse spermatozoa or sperm head were microinjected into mouse oocytes matured in vivo and cultured for 72h in vitro. When non-capacitated spermatozoon was injected, oocytes that developed to $${\geq_-}$$ 2-cell and $${\geq_-}$$ 4-cell was 27.8 (15/54) and 3.7% (2/54), respectively. When non-capacitated sperm head was injected. development to $${\geq_-}$$ 2-cell and $${\geq_-}$$ 4-cell was 21.3 (16/75) and 8.0% (6/75), respectively. When capacitated spermatozoon was injected, development to $${\geq_-}$$ 2-cell and $${\geq_-}$$ 4-cell was 21.4 (15/70) and 4.3% (3/70), respectively. When capacitated sperm head was injected, development to $${\geq_-}$$ 2-cell and $${\geq_-}$$ 4-cell was 29.9 (35/117) and 10.3% (12/117), respectively. In contrast, none developed beyond 4-cell in the sham-operated group. The results of this study demonstrated that mouse oocytes matured in vivo can undergo normal appearing cleavage to 4-cell stage by dead-sperm injection. Sperm treatment prior to injection did not affect the ability of mouse oocytes to cleave in vitro.
Goto, K.,Ono, T.,Kim, Yong-Joo IEEE 2005 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.41 No.2
An ultrahigh density optical disk head which utilizes evanescent light (near-field light) had been designed to enhance the near-field optical wave for the throughput increment using the surface plasmon polariton resonance effect between the light inside the near-field optical head and nano-fabricated corrugated metal thin film. The theoretical analysis is discussed with the emphasis on the two- and three-dimensional simulation using finite difference time domain method. It is also experimentally shown that the near-field light enhancement in a waveguide of a clad covered with corrugated gold thin film was observed and that the near-field light enhancement in a waveguide without the film was not. If the corrugation pitch and the focused laser wavelength used with self-aligned microlens are designed properly, more than 20% throughput will be realized using nanometer fabricated metallic grating.
Goto, K.,Kajihara, Y.,Kosaka, S.,Koba, M.,Nakanishi, Y.,Ogawa, K.,Oku, T.,Fujiyama, M.,Yoshida, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.4
Bovine blastocysts were obtained by totally in-vitro technique and then transferred to recipient cows. Total of 15 calves (including 4 premature calves) were obtained from 11 recipients. Four calves were obtained from the transfers of fresh blastocysts and 9 calves were obtained from the transfers of frozen-thawed blastocysts. Two calves were obtained from the bisected fresh blastocyst. The males and 5 females were delivered. Birth weight of calves was within normal range except one female, and all calves appeared to be completely normal.
Goto, K.,Kajihara, Y.,Koba, M.,Nakanishi, Y.,Ogawa, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1988 Animal Bioscience Vol.1 No.3
Bovine blastocysts were obtained by in-vitro culture of embryos derived from in-vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in-vitro. These blastocysts and blastocysts from inseminated donors were bisected by a simple method (without a holding pipette) using a microblade operated by a micromanipulator. A pair of demi-embryos was transferred nonsurgically into each uterine horn of a recipient cow 6 or 8 days after estrus. Pregnancy resulted from the third transfer. Ultrasound examination done 52 days after estrus (46 days after transfer) confirmed the presence of at least one fetus in the each uterine horn. This is the first report to show the viability of bisected bovine blastocysts obtained from in-vitro culture of embryos derived from in-vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in-vitro. In addition, a simple method to bisect bovine embryos is described.
CO-CULTURE OF BOVINE EMBRYOS WITH CUMULUS CELLS
Goto, K.,Koba, M.,Takuma, Y.,Nakanishi, Y.,Ogawa, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.4
Bovine embryos/ova obtained from in-vitro fertilization were either co-cultured on a monolayer of bovine cumulus cells or cultured in medium alone. Embryos/ova co-cultured with cumulus cells developed to 8-cell (30.9%), morula (29.8%) and blastocyst stages (26.6%) after 3-4, 5-6, and 7-8 days of culture, respectively, while embryos/ova cultured in medium alone failed to develop beyond 8-cell (0-13.3%), morula (0-1.5%) and blastocyst stages (0%). The results of this study demonstrated the beneficial effect of cumulus cells on the development of bovine embryos.
Power Supply System of DC/AC Micro Grid System
K.Yukita,K.Ban,Y.Goto,K.Ichiyanagi,K.Hirose,T.Ushirokawa,Y.Okui,H.Takabayashi 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5
This paper proposes an AC/DC power supply system with DGs using the parallel processing method. The purpose of this system is to supply the power without connecting to the utility gird. The DGs consist of photovoltaic (PV), -and wind generators (WG), and the main energy source of this system is the DGs and the UPS battery. When the system does not get enough energy from the DGs, and the power supply of the battery runs out, this system connects to the utility grid and begins to charge the battery and supply to the load. In this study, we focused on the AC power supply and DC power supply from DGs. Then, the converters of DGs use two types, DC/AC type and DC/DC type. The power supply system has been operated with the actual loads of 20 ㎾ in the campus of the Aichi Institute of Technology. This paper reports on our study of DC and AC power supplies in the event of a system anomaly.
Goto, M.,Bae, H.,Lee, S.S.,Yahaya, M.S.,Karita, S.,Wanjae, K.,Cheng, K.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.5
Effect of a surfactant Tween 80 on the bacterial growth in the rumen was examined on the in vitro pure cultures of Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Prevotella ruminicola, Megasphaera elsidenni, Fibrobacta succinogenes, Ruminanococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Dry matter degradability (DMD), concentrations and compositions of volatile fatty acids (VFA), and the most probable number (MPN) of cellulolytic bacteria and total number of bacteria in the presence of Tween 80 were also examined on the in vitro rumen mixed culture either with barley grain or orchardgrass hay. The growth of S. bovis, S. ruminantium, B. fibrisolvens, P. ruminicola, M. elsidenni and F. succinogenes were significantly higher (p<0.05) at over 0.05% concentrations of Tween 80 than those of the control cultures, while was not changed with R. albus and R. flavefaciens. With rumen mixed culture the DMD of barley grain and orchardgrass hay was significantly higher (p<0.05) at a 0.2% concentration of Tween 80 than the control, being reflected in the significantly higher (p<0.05) VFA production (mmol $g^{-1}$DDM) with orchardgrass hay. The higher (p<0.05) ratio of propionate to acetate at a 0.2% concentration of Tween 80 was also observed with orchardgrass hay, showing a similar trend with barley grain. No changes in the total bacterial number and MPN of cellulolytic bacteria were observed.
Goto, M.,Bae, Hee-Dong,Yahaya, M.S.,Karita, S.,Wanjae, K.,Baah, J.,Sugawara, K.,Cheng, K.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.1
The study evaluates the enzymatic dry matter (DM) degradability and water holding capacity of leaf and stem fractions of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) at different growth stages with or without the presence of surfactant Tween 80. While Tween 80 significantly (p<0.05) increased water and enzyme holding capacities in the leaf blades fraction, less was observed in the fraction of leaf sheath and stem of orchardgrass. The enzyme holding capacity in the leaves was also altered more than that for water holding capacity. This resulted in the increased rate and extent of enzymatic hydrolysis of the leaf blade fractions at two growth stages, whereas little was with leaf sheath and stem fractions. It was also observed that at 0.005% concentrations of Tween 80 the enzymatic DM degradability of young leaf blades was higher (p<0.05) by 20-30% compared to that of the control, as well as for water and enzyme holding capacity. For matured leaf blades the DM degradability were increased with over 0.01% concentrations of the surfactant, but the increase was less than leaf blades of young orchardgrass. This result suggests the possibility of using the surfactant Tween 80 to improve forage digestibility in the rumen.