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TWIST AND CONNECTIVITY OF MAGNETIC FIELD LINES IN THE SOLAR ACTIVE REGION NOAA 10930
Inoue, S.,Kusano, K.,Magara, T.,Shiota, D.,Yamamoto, T. T. IOP Publishing 2011 The Astrophysical journal Vol.738 No.2
<P>Twist and connectivity of magnetic field lines in the flare-productive active region NOAA 10930 are investigated in terms of the vector magnetograms observed by the Solar Optical Telescope on board the Hinode satellite and the nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation. First, we show that the footpoints of magnetic field lines reconstructed by the NLFFF correspond well to the conjugate pair of highly sheared flare ribbons on the Ca II images, which were observed by Hinode as an X3.4 class flare on 2006 December 13. This demonstrates that the NLFFF extrapolation may be used to analyze the magnetic field connectivity. Second, we find that the twist of magnetic field lines anchored on the flare ribbons increased as the ribbons moved away from the magnetic polarity inversion line in the early phase of the flare. This suggests that magnetic reconnection might commence from a region located below the most strongly twisted field. Third, we reveal that the magnetic flux twisted more than a half turn and gradually increased during the last one day prior to the onset of the flare, and that it quickly decreased for two hours after the flare. This is consistent with the store-and-release scenario of magnetic helicity. However, within this active region, only a small fraction of the flux was twisted by more than one full turn and the field lines that reconnected first were twisted less than one turn. These results imply that the kink mode instability could hardly occur, at least before the onset of flare. Based on our results, we discuss the trigger process of solar flares.</P>
Future lunar mission Active X-ray Spectrometer development: Surface roughness and geometry studies
Naito, M.,Hasebe, N.,Kusano, H.,Nagaoka, H.,Kuwako, M.,Oyama, Y.,Shibamura, E.,Amano, Y.,Ohta, T.,Kim, K.J.,Lopes, J.A.M. Elsevier 2015 Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Vol.788 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The Active X-ray Spectrometer (AXS) is considered as one of the scientific payload candidates for a future Japanese mission, SELENE-2. The AXS consists of pyroelectric X-ray generators and a Silicon Drift Detector to conduct X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) on the Moon to measure major elements: Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, and Fe; minor elements: Na, K, P, S, Cr and Mn; and the trace element Ni depending on their concentration. Some factors such as roughness, grain size and porosity of sample, and the geometry of X-ray incidence, emission and energy will affect the XRF measurements precision. Basic studies on the XRF are required to develop the AXS. In this study, fused samples were used to make homogeneous samples free from the effect of grain size and porosity. Experimental and numerical studies on the XRF were conducted to evaluate the effects from incidence and emission angles and surface roughness. Angle geometry and surface roughness will be optimized for the design of the AXS on future missions from the results of the experiment and the numerical simulation.</P>
Kim, Jiyoung,Choi, Jung Nam,John, K. M. Maria,Kusano, Miyako,Oikawa, Akira,Saito, Kazuki,Lee, Choong Hwan American Chemical Society 2012 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.60 No.38
<P>Metabolic changes in fast-fermented bean paste (cheonggukjang) as a function of fermentation time were observed in inoculated Bacillus strains using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOF-MS)- and capillary electrophoresis TOF-MS (CE–TOF-MS)-based metabolomics techniques. From the combined GC–MS and CE–MS analysis of fermented cheonggukjang samples, 123 metabolites were recovered (55% by GC–MS and 45% by CE–MS). Multivariate statistical analysis of fermented cheonggukjang samples showed that the separation of metabolites was influenced by the fermentation period (range, 0–72 h) and not by strain. When comparing the metabolites of fermented cheonggukjang with the metabolic pathways, uracil and thymine contents showed a rapid 20-fold increase after 24 h fermentation up to the end of fermentation. Xanthine and adenine levels increased slightly from 24 to 48 h fermentation and then decreased slightly at the end of fermentation. Hypoxanthine and guanine levels also increased remarkably during fermentation. Purine metabolism differed according to the microorganism used for cheonggukjang fermentation. Most intermediates in nucleoside biosynthesis were detected by CE–TOF-MS and were related to amino acid metabolism.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2012/jafcau.2012.60.issue-38/jf302833y/production/images/medium/jf-2012-02833y_0006.gif'></P>