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Bulakci, Omer,Redana, Simone,Raaf, Bernhard,Hamalainen, Jyri The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2011 Journal of communications and networks Vol.13 No.4
Decode-and-forward relaying is a promising enhancement to existing radio access networks and is already standardized in 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) as a part of long term evolution (LTE)-Advanced Release 10. Two inband operation modes of relay nodes are supported, namely type 1 and type lb. Relay nodes promise to offer considerable gain for system capacity or coverage, depending on the deployment prioritization, in a cost-efficient way. Yet, in order to fully exploit the benefits of relaying, the inter-cell interference which is increased due to the presence of relay nodes should be limited. Moreover, large differences in the received power levels from different users should be avoided. The goal is to keep the receiver dynamic range low in order to retain the orthogonality of the single carrier-frequency division multiple access system. In this paper, an evaluation of the relay based heterogeneous deployment within the LTE-Advanced uplink framework is carried out by applying the standardized LTE Release 8 power control scheme both at evolved node B and relay nodes. In order to enhance the overall system performance, different power control optimization strategies are proposed for 3GPP urban and suburban scenarios. A comparison between type 1 and type 1b relay nodes is as well presented to study the effect of the relaying overhead on the system performance in inband relay deployments. Comprehensive system level simulations show that the power control is a crucial means to increase the cell edge and system capacities, to mitigate inter-cell interference and to adjust the receiver dynamic range for both relay node types.
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Ömer Bulakci,Simone Redana,Bernhard Raaf,Jyri Hämäläinen 한국통신학회 2011 Journal of communications and networks Vol.13 No.4
Decode-and-forward relaying is a promising enhance-ment to existing radio access networks and is already standard-ized in 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) as a part of long term evolution (LTE)-Advanced Release 10. Two inband operation modes of relay nodes are supported, namely type 1 and type 1b. Relay nodes promise to offer considerable gain for system capac-ity or coverage, depending on the deployment prioritization, in a cost-efficient way. Yet, in order to fully exploit the benefits of relaying, the inter-cell interference which is increased due to the presence of relay nodes should be limited. Moreover, large differ-ences in the received power levels from different users should be avoided. The goal is to keep the receiver dynamic range low in or-der to retain the orthogonality of the single carrier-frequency di-vision multiple access system. In this paper, an evaluation of the relay based heterogeneous deployment within the LTE-Advanced uplink framework is carried out by applying the standardized LTE Release 8 power control scheme both at evolved node B and relay nodes. In order to enhance the overall system performance, differ-ent power control optimization strategies are proposed for 3GPP urban and suburban scenarios. A comparison between type 1 and type 1b relay nodes is as well presented to study the effect of the relaying overhead on the system performance in inband relay de-ployments. Comprehensive system level simulations show that the power control is a crucial means to increase the cell edge and sys-tem capacities, to mitigate inter-cell interference and to adjust the receiver dynamic range for both relay node types.
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Somatosensory evoked potentials are abnormal with plagiocephaly
Harma, Maiju,Lauronen, Leena,Leikola, Junnu,Hukki, Jyri,Saarikko, Anne Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association 2022 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.23 No.2
Background: Deformational plagiocephaly is usually managed conservatively, as it tends to improve over time and with the use of conservative measures. However, before the year 2017 we operated on patients with severe plagiocephaly and neurological symptoms at the Helsinki Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center. Methods: Of the 20 infants with severe deformational plagiocephaly and neurological symptoms referred to us between 2014 and 2016, 10 underwent cranioplasty open reshaping of the posterior cranial vault. The parents of the last 10 patients were given information on the natural history of the condition and the patients were followed up with an outpatient protocol. The aim of this study was to gain information on the brain electrophysiology and recovery of patients after total cranial vault reconstruction by measuring the electroencephalogram (EEG) somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP; median nerve). Results: Of the 10 participants in the operation arm, six had abnormal SEP at least on the affected cerebral hemisphere and all SEPs were recorded as normal when controlled postoperatively. In the follow-up arm, eight out of 10 participants had abnormal SEP at the age of approximately 24 months, and all had normalized SEPs at control visits. Conclusion: Our data suggest that cranioplasty open reshaping of the posterior cranial vault did not affect abnormal SEP-EEG recordings. We have abandoned the operations in deformational plagiocephaly patients due to findings suggesting that expanding cranioplasty is not beneficial for brain function in this patient group.
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