Effect of the Combination of CI-988 and Morphine on Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Kim, Junesun,Kim, Youngkyung,Hahm, Suk-Chan,Yoon, Young Wook The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.2

Cholecystokinin is known to be involved in the modulation of nociception and to reduce the efficacy of morphine analgesia. This study investigated the effects of intrathecal administration of morphine and the cholecystokinin type B antagonist CI-988 on below-level neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury in rats. We also examined the interaction of morphine and CI-988 in the antinociceptive effect. Both morphine and CI-988 given individually increased the paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of ineffective doses of intrathecally administered CI-988 and morphine produced significant analgesic effects and the combination of effective doses resulted in analgesic effects that were greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug. Thus, morphine showed a synergistic interaction with CI-988 for analgesia of central neuropathic pain.

Analgesic Effect of Intra-Articular Injection of Temperature-Responsive Hydrogel Containing Bupivacaine on Osteoarthritic Pain in Rats

Kim, Taemin,Seol, Dong Rim,Hahm, Suk-Chan,Ko, Cheolwoong,Kim, Eun-Hye,Chun, Keyoungjin,Kim, Junesun,Lim, Tae-Hong Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 BioMed research international Vol.2015 No.-

<P>The present study examined the analgesic effects of slow-releasing bupivacaine from hydrogel on chronic arthritic pain in rats. Osteoarthritis (OA) was induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) injection into the right knee joint. Hydrogel (HG: 20, 30, and 50 <I>μ</I>L) and temperature-sensitive hydrogel containing bupivacaine (T-gel: 20, 30, and 50 <I>μ</I>L) were injected intra-articularly 14 days after MIA injection. Behavioral tests were conducted. The rats showed a significant decrease in weight load and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT). Intra-articular 0.5% bupivacaine (10 and 20 <I>μ</I>L) significantly reversed MIA-induced decreased PWT, with no effect on weight load. In normal rats, hydrogel did not produce significant changes in PWT but at 30 and 50 <I>μ</I>L slightly decreased weight bearing; T-gel did not cause any changes in both the weight load and PWT. In OA rats, T-gel at 20 <I>μ</I>L had a significant analgesic effect for 2 days, even though T-gel at 50 <I>μ</I>L further reduced the weight load, demonstrating that intra-articular T-gel (20 <I>μ</I>L) has long-lasting analgesic effects in OA rats. Thus, T-gel designed to deliver analgesics into the joint cavity could be an effective therapeutic tool in the clinical setting.</P>

Motion Recognition for Kinect Sensor Data Using Machine Learning Algorithm with PNF Patterns of Upper Extremities

Kim, Sangbin,Kim, Giwon,Kim, Junesun 대한물리치료학회 2015 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the availability of software for rehabilitation with the Kinect sensor by presenting an efficient algorithm based on machine learning when classifying the motion data of the PNF pattern if the subjects were wearing a patient gown. Methods: The motion data of the PNF pattern for upper extremities were collected by Kinect sensor. The data were obtained from 8 normal university students without the limitation of upper extremities. The subjects, wearing a T-shirt, performed the PNF patterns, D1 and D2 flexion, extensions, 30 times; the same protocol was repeated while wearing a patient gown to compare the classification performance of algorithms. For comparison of performance, we chose four algorithms, Naive Bayes Classifier, C4.5, Multilayer Perceptron, and Hidden Markov Model. The motion data for wearing a T-shirt were used for the training set, and 10 fold cross-validation test was performed. The motion data for wearing a gown were used for the test set. Results: The results showed that all of the algorithms performed well with 10 fold cross-validation test. However, when classifying the data with a hospital gown, Hidden Markov model (HMM) was the best algorithm for classifying the motion of PNF. Conclusion: We showed that HMM is the most efficient algorithm that could handle the sequence data related to time. Thus, we suggested that the algorithm which considered the sequence of motion, such as HMM, would be selected when developing software for rehabilitation which required determining the correctness of the motion.

The effects of intra-articular resiniferatoxin on monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritic pain in rats

Kim, Youngkyung,Kim, Eun-hye,Lee, Kyu Sang,Lee, Koeun,Park, Sung Ho,Na, Sook Hyun,Ko, Cheolwoong,Kim, Junesun,Yooon, Young Wook The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.1

This study was performed to investigate whether an intra-articular injection of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist, resiniferatoxin (RTX) would alleviate behavioral signs of arthritic pain in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA). We also sought to determine the effect of RTX treatment on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in the spinal cord. Knee joint inflammation was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA, $8mg/50{\mu}l$) and weight bearing percentage on right and left hindpaws during walking, paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation, and paw withdrawal latency to heat were measured to evaluate pain behavior. Intra-articular administration of RTX (0.03, 0.003 and 0.0003%) at 2 weeks after the induction of knee joint inflammation significantly improved reduction of weight bearing on the ipsilateral hindlimb and increased paw withdrawal sensitivity to mechanical and heat stimuli. The reduction of pain behavior persisted for 3~10 days according to each behavioral test. The MIA-induced increase in CGRP immunoreactivity in the spinal cord was decreased by RTX treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The present study demonstrated that a single intra-articular administration of RTX reduced pain behaviors for a relatively long time in an experimental model of OA and could normalize OA-associated changes in peptide expression in the spinal cord.

<i>Panax ginseng</i> Improves Functional Recovery after Contusive Spinal Cord Injury by Regulating the Inflammatory Response in Rats: An <i>In Vivo</i> Study

Kim, Young Ock,Kim, Youngkyung,Lee, Koeun,Na, Sae Won,Hong, Seon Pyo,Valan Arasu, Mariadhas,Yoon, Young Wook,Kim, Junesun Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2015 No.-

<P>Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in permanent loss of motor function below the injured site. Neuroinflammatory reaction following SCI can aggravate neural injury and functional impairment. Ginseng is well known to possess anti-inflammatory effects. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of <I>Panax ginseng</I> C.A. Mayer (<I>P. ginseng</I>) after SCI. A spinal contusion was made at the T11-12 spinal cord in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (<I>n</I> = 47) using the NYU impactor. Motor function was assessed using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score in <I>P. ginseng</I> (0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) treated after SCI. We also assessed the protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at the lesion site by western blot and then measured the cavity area using luxol fast blue/cresyl violet staining. <I>P. ginseng</I> treated group in SCI showed a significant improvement in locomotor function after the injury. The protein expression of COX-2 and iNOS at the lesion site and the cavity area were decreased following SCI by <I>P. ginseng</I> treatment. These results suggest that <I>P. ginseng</I> may improve the recovery of motor function after SCI which provides neuroprotection by alleviating posttraumatic inflammatory responses.</P>

Surface-controlled Nb2O5 nanoparticle networks for fast Li transport and storage

Kim, Kyungbae,Hwang, Junesun,Seo, Hyungeun,Kim, Han-Seul,Kim, Jae-Hun Springer-Verlag 2019 JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE - Vol.54 No.3

Effect of the Combination of CI-988 and Morphine on Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Junesun Kim,Youngkyung Kim,Suk-Chan Hahm,Young Wook Yoon 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.2

Cholecystokinin is known to be involved in the modulation of nociception and to reduce the efficacy of morphine analgesia. This study investigated the effects of intrathecal administration of morphine and the cholecystokinin type B antagonist CI-988 on below-level neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury in rats. We also examined the interaction of morphine and CI-988 in the antinociceptive effect. Both morphine and CI-988 given individually increased the paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of ineffective doses of intrathecally administered CI-988 and morphine produced significant analgesic effects and the combination of effective doses resulted in analgesic effects that were greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug. Thus, morphine showed a synergistic interaction with CI-988 for analgesia of central neuropathic pain.

The effects of intra-articular resiniferatoxin on monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritic pain in rats

Youngkyung Kim,Eun-hye Kim,Kyu Sang Lee,Koeun Lee,Sung Ho Park,Sook Hyun Na,Cheolwoong Ko,Junesun Kim,Young Wook Yooon 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.1

This study was performed to investigate whether an intra-articular injection of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist, resiniferatoxin (RTX) would alleviate behavioral signs of arthritic pain in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA). We also sought to determine the effect of RTX treatment on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in the spinal cord. Knee joint inflammation was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA, 8 mg/50 µl) and weight bearing percentage on right and left hindpaws during walking, paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation, and paw withdrawal latency to heat were measured to evaluate pain behavior. Intra-articular administration of RTX (0.03, 0.003 and 0.0003%) at 2 weeks after the induction of knee joint inflammation significantly improved reduction of weight bearing on the ipsilateral hindlimb and increased paw withdrawal sensitivity to mechanical and heat stimuli. The reduction of pain behavior persisted for 3~10 days according to each behavioral test. The MIA-induced increase in CGRP immunoreactivity in the spinal cord was decreased by RTX treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The present study demonstrated that a single intra-articular administration of RTX reduced pain behaviors for a relatively long time in an experimental model of OA and could normalize OA-associated changes in peptide expression in the spinal cord.

Facile and scalable synthesis of SiO_x materials for Li-ion negative electrodes

Hwang, Junesun,Kim, Kyungbae,Jung, Woo-Sang,Choi, Hyunjoo,Kim, Jae-Hun Elsevier 2019 Journal of Power Sources Vol.436 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Amorphous SiO materials are considered to be alternative high-capacity anode materials for Li-ion batteries. However, the conventional preparation method is a high-temperature and energy-consuming vacuum process. In this study, a simple strategy to produce a SiO<SUB>x</SUB> material is proposed. Low-cost micron-sized Si and amorphous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> powders are mechanochemically mixed using a high-energy mechanical milling process. As a result, SiO<SUB>x</SUB> materials are produced that have the potential to replace the current commercial SiO powders. The X-ray photoelectron spectra exhibit that the chemical bonding state of Si in the synthesized SiO<SUB>x</SUB> materials is similar to commercial SiO. The electron microscopic analyses demonstrate that the secondary particle sizes are reduced and Si crystallites with sizes of a few nanometers to a few tens of nanometers are embedded in the silicon oxide matrix. Due to the morphology and microstructure, the initial coulombic efficiency and cycling stability of the SiO<SUB>x</SUB> materials are greatly improved compared to the commercial SiO sample. To further enhance the electrochemical properties, carbon incorporations are carried out, which result in an excellent cycle performance being achieved for the Li-ion battery anodes. The ball-milled SiO<SUB>x</SUB> material has ample potential as an alternative to conventional SiO materials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A simple strategy to produce a SiO<SUB>x</SUB> material by ball-milling is proposed. </LI> <LI> The chemical mixing of Si and SiO<SUB>2</SUB> powders could be achieved. </LI> <LI> The electrochemical properties of the SiO<SUB>x</SUB> materials were greatly improved. </LI> <LI> The synthesized SiO<SUB>x</SUB> materials have the potential to replace the commercial SiO. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Motion Recognition for Kinect Sensor Data Using Machine Learning Algorithm with PNF Patterns of Upper Extremities

( Sangbin Kim ),( Giwon Kim ),( Junesun Kim ) 대한물리치료학회 2015 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the availability of software for rehabilitation with the Kinect sensor by presenting an efficient algorithm based on machine learning when classifying the motion data of the PNF pattern if the subjects were wearing a patient gown. Methods: The motion data of the PNF pattern for upper extremities were collected by Kinect sensor. The data were obtained from 8 normal university students without the limitation of upper extremities. The subjects, wearing a T-shirt, performed the PNF patterns, D1 and D2 flexion, extensions, 30 times; the same protocol was repeated while wearing a patient gown to compare the classification performance of algorithms. For comparison of performance, we chose four algorithms, Naive Bayes Classifier, C4.5, Multilayer Perceptron, and Hidden Markov Model. The motion data for wearing a T-shirt were used for the training set, and 10 fold cross-validation test was performed. The motion data for wearing a gown were used for the test set. Results: The results showed that all of the algorithms performed well with 10 fold cross-validation test. However, when classifying the data with a hospital gown, Hidden Markov model (HMM) was the best algorithm for classifying the motion of PNF. Conclusion: We showed that HMM is the most efficient algorithm that could handle the sequence data related to time. Thus, we suggested that the algorithm which considered the sequence of motion, such as HMM, would be selected when developing software for rehabilitation which required determining the correctness of the motion.