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Eco-friendly Sandwich Panel Based on Recycled Bottle Caps Core and Natural Fibre Composite Facings
Pablo Resende Oliveira,Julio Cesar dos Santos,Sergio Luiz Moni Ribeiro Filho,Bruna Torres Ferreira,Tulio Hallak Panzera,Fabrizio Scarpa 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.8
This is the first attempt to combine disposed bottle caps and natural fibres into sandwich panels. A full factorialdesign is performed to identify the effects of the skin type (aluminium or coir fibre reinforced laminates) and bottle cap corepacking (cubic and orthotropic) on the mechanical properties of the proposed panels. The coir fibre composite skin providesmaximum core shear strength, 29 % higher than the aluminium-based panels, in cubic packing, while the flexural modulus isreduced by 45 %. An interlocking effect between the skin and the core is evidenced when coir fibre composites are used. Inaddition, the cubic cell packing increases the specific mechanical properties, even though with a higher density. The resultshighlight a promising association of green components and plastic bottle caps for secondary structural applications.
Francilaine Eloise De Marchi,Jakeline Vieira Romero,Julio Cesar Damasceno,Paula Adriana Grande,Lucia Maria Zeoula,Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.8
To evaluate the effects of the pelleting and the addition of sodium monensin on production, the chemical and lipid composition of milk and butter physical characteristics, 4 Holstein dairy cows (135 days of lactation) with an average milk production of 14.7 kg/d, were supplemented with a concentrate containing ground canola seeds. The cows were assigned to a 4×4 Latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments: i) ground maize, soybean meal, mineral and vitamin supplements, and ground canola seeds (CG); ii) CG concentrate with 31.5 mg of monensin added per kg of dry matter (DM); iii) CG pelleted concentrate; iv) CG concentrate with monensin addition pelleted. There was no difference in milk production and composition. The addition of monensin increased milk concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the PUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio, and omega 6. The pelleting increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids, the PUFA/SFA ratio, and the omega 6/omega 3 ratio, but decreased the concentration of SFA. The association between pelleting and the addition of monensin increased the concentration of conjugated linoleic acids by 46.9%. The physical characteristics of butter were not affected by the evaluated diets. We concluded that the concentrate with 31.5 mg of monensin added per kg DM basis combined with the pelleting improves the lipid composition of milk from Holstein cows that are on pasture and supplemented with ground canola seeds, without changing the production, milk composition, and spreadability of butter.
Inacio, Jonas Gomes,da Conceicao, Maria Gabriela,dos Santos, Djalma Cordeiro,de Oliveira, Julio Cesar Vieira,Chagas, Juana Catarina Cariri,de Oliveira Moraes, Glaucia Sabrine,dos Santos Silva, Evannie Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.1
Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of different concentrate levels in diets based on cactus Opuntia Stricta (Haw.) Haw cladodes on the performance of lactating Girolando cows. Methods: The experiment involved 10 Girolando multiparous dairy cows at 512.6 kg of body weight (BW) and producing 13.2 kg milk/d, allocated into two 5×5 Latin squares. The experimental treatments consisted of control diet composed by cactus Nopalea cochenillifera. Salm-Dyck. cladodes (Nopalea), forage sorghum silage and concentrate at 20% on dry matter (DM) basis, and four concentrate levels diets (20%, 24%, 28%, and 32%) plus cactus Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. cladodes (Opuntia) and forage sorghum silage. Results: Regarding cows fed control diet, the nutrients intake were greater than for cows fed with cactus Opuntia and concentrate. Regarding concentrate levels, intakes of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), and total digestible nutrients of cows increased linearly. Organic matter, CP, and NDF digestibilities were similar in between to control diet and cactus Opuntia-based diets. The digestibility of NFC increased linearly when the concentrate was inserted. The N balance was the same for control diet and cactus Opuntia-based diets, irrespective the concentrate levels. Conclusion: For cows producing 14 kg/d with 3.5% of fat, it is recommended 32% of concentrate to be included in cactus Opuntia-based diets, and the increase in concentrate level promotes a linear increase in milk yield.
De Marchi, Francilaine Eloise,Romero, Jakeline Vieira,Damasceno, Julio Cesar,Grande, Paula Adriana,Zeoula, Lucia Maria,dos Santos, Geraldo Tadeu Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.8
To evaluate the effects of the pelleting and the addition of sodium monensin on production, the chemical and lipid composition of milk and butter physical characteristics, 4 Holstein dairy cows (135 days of lactation) with an average milk production of 14.7 kg/d, were supplemented with a concentrate containing ground canola seeds. The cows were assigned to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments: i) ground maize, soybean meal, mineral and vitamin supplements, and ground canola seeds (CG); ii) CG concentrate with 31.5 mg of monensin added per kg of dry matter (DM); iii) CG pelleted concentrate; iv) CG concentrate with monensin addition pelleted. There was no difference in milk production and composition. The addition of monensin increased milk concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the PUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio, and omega 6. The pelleting increased the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids, the PUFA/SFA ratio, and the omega 6/omega 3 ratio, but decreased the concentration of SFA. The association between pelleting and the addition of monensin increased the concentration of conjugated linoleic acids by 46.9%. The physical characteristics of butter were not affected by the evaluated diets. We concluded that the concentrate with 31.5 mg of monensin added per kg DM basis combined with the pelleting improves the lipid composition of milk from Holstein cows that are on pasture and supplemented with ground canola seeds, without changing the production, milk composition, and spreadability of butter.