인구재분배(Population Redistribution) 정책에 대하여

권태환(Kwon Tae Whan),Yoon Jong Ju(토론자),Kim Sun Oong(토론자) 한국인구학회 1979 한국인구학 Vol.2 No.1

The population redistribution policy of Korea may be summarized as follows: 1. Decentralization of industries. 2. Construction of new towns including development of temporary administrative city. 3. Development of growth poles. 1. The decentralization of industries as a means of population dispersion has been widely debated and proven to be effective in many other countries. As pointed out before, the decentralization of industries has a widely varying degree of impacts on population dispersion according to the nature of industrial re-location programs. 2. The construction of new towns and the development of administrative cities have proven to be effective as a population redistribution policy in socialist countries and Japan. These example do not guarantee success if such policy is applied in Korea. The success depends on the amount of the concomitant investment to be made in educational and cultural facilities in the new towns. 3. The development of growth poles as a means of population dispersion has not proved to be successful in the Eastern Block Countries and Japan. However, this may be the optimal means of dispersion population for Korea when one considers her present level of economic development. (1) The development of farming sector and (2) the slow-down of farming population exodus into cities should be considered as a viable alternative program for population dispersion policy. We cannot cite many examples in other countries where the development and improvement of farming sector has been successful as a means of dispersing population. However, Japan's development of her northern areas has not only improved the standard of living in Hokkaido but also contributed to population dispersion. Discussant Yoon, Jong Ju: Population movements in Korea have resulted in the concentration of people in cities and the reduction of farming households. In the Sixties, the population of the nation converged into Seoul. As a result, the population dispersion policy emphasized the "slowing-down" of the population movements in to Seoul. This policy has shown some success in that the rate of population growth in Seoul has decreased since 1970 and the more so since 1975. This phenomenon, however, is confined to the city of Seoul. The surrounding areas have shown an increasing rate of population growth. The above indicates that population policy and population dispersion program should be conducted with long-range planning, if they were to be successful. However, such has not been the case. It should also be pointed out that population policy should be a comprepensive program encompassing population, economic and social aspects. Korean population policy has not been such comprehensive program. The population policy in the Eighties should not confine itself in decreasing the rate of population growth. Instead, it should focus on improving the quality of population and thereby, increasing the manpower of high quality. In order to carry out such policy, investment should be made to improve the data on population, in particular, on children. Discussant Kim, Sun Dong: Korean population policy does not possess foresight and is segmented without a clearly formulated long range goal. One inevitable and undeniable fact appears to be that three quarters of the nation's population will eventually settle in urban cities. There are many problems associated with the population concentration in the urban areas. First, there exist the well-known problems of environments and traffic congestions in urban centers. Second, there are the problems associated with the effective utilization of the nation's land and natural resources. Third, there are the geopolitical issues related to the national defense and security. Although we recognize these problems, it should be also pointed out that population concentration in cities is an inevitable result and cause of economic development.<

마늘의 Thiosulfinate 소장에 관한 연구

이명환,김주선 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1990 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.1 No.-

마늘외 처리온도 및 시간에 따른 thiosulfinate 함량의 변화와 실온 및 고온추출시 황화합물의 성분 변화를 조사하기 위하여 N-ethylmaleimide 발색반응과 UV Spectrophotometer 및 gas chromatograph를 이용하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 처리온도 및 시간에 따른 thiosulfinate함량의 변화에 있어서 25℃, 50℃에서 5시간, 75℃에서 30분까지 존재하였으나, U.V spectrophotometer에 의한 검출에서는 75℃, 1시간과 100℃, 15분까지도 완전히 분해되지 않으며, 또한 diallyl disulfide의 양도 75℃, 15분보다 1시간에서 3배 정도 많았는데 이는 thiosulfinate가 분해되어 생성된 것으로 앞의 결과를 뒷받침해 주고 있다. 실온에서의 n-hexane 및 수증기 증류하여 얻은 추출물의 함량은 각각 0.10%, 0.12% 였으며 실온의 n-hexane추출물에서는 diallyl disulfide보다는 동정하지 못한 물질이 주물질이었으며 수증기 증류하여 얻은 정유에서는 diallyl disulfide가 주물질로 관찰되었다. The effects of heating time and temperature on the change of thiosulfinate content and the effects of n-hexane extraction and steam distillation on the change of sulfur compounds of garlic bulbs were investigated using N-ethylmaleimide color reaction, UV spectrophotometer and gas chromatograph. Thiosulfinate was detected in n-hexane extracts from garlic bulbs heated for 5 hours at 25℃ and 50℃ and for 30 minutes at 75℃ by the color reaction method. The UV spectrophotometer was more sensitive than the color reaction method to detect the thiosulfinate from even the extracts of samples heated for 1 hour at 75℃ and 15 minutes at l00℃.The quantity of diallyl disulfide which was formed from the decomposition of thiosulfinate increased to reach threefold values by 1 hour heating at 100℃ as compared with the samples heated for 15 minutes at 75℃, which well supported the above results. The steam distillation yielded extract of 0.12% which was mainly diallyl disulfide and the n-hexane extraction yielded extract of 0.10% at room temperature, however, the main compund was not diallyl disulfide but other unidentified compound.

PTMG-PU와 PEAG-PU의 중합에 미치는 합성온도 영향

류주환,김수동 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.13 No.2

예비고분자 방법을 이용하여 PTMG-PU와 PEAG-PU를 합성하였다. PTMG-PU와 PEAG-PU에서 합성온도를 올림에 따라 가교결합 증가와 상분리 감소를 적외선 분광기를 이용하여 확인하였다. 또한 합성온도 상승의 영향은 DSC에 의해 확인되었다. 가교결합의 증가와 상분리의 감소는 PTMG-PU와 PEAG-PU의 유리전이 상승을 초래하였다. 적외선 분광기와 DSC로 확인한 중합온도 영향이 분자 구조적인 면에서 같다 할지라도 PTMG-PU와 PEAG-PU의 인장강도와 연신율은 반대로 나타났다. 이것은 가교밀도의 변화에 의한 것으로 고찰되었다. We synthesized PTMG-PU and PEAG-PU through prepolymer method. According to IR, we observed that as the reaction temperature increases, crosslinking density was increased and phase seperation was decreased in both cases of PTMG-PU and PEAG-PU. Also the synthesis temperature increasing effect was confirmed by DSC. Increase in crosslinking density and decrease in phase seperation resulted in the increase of glass transition temperature in both PTMG-PU and PEAG-PU. Althouth the synthesis temperature effect was the same in molecular structure variation, tensile and elongation properties of PTMG-PU and PEAG-PU were reverse. This was discussed in terms of the crosslinking density.

한국 서해안지역의 기상요소와 해수온도의 관계

조주환,박인숙 조선대학교 사범대학 부설 교과교육연구소 2002 敎科敎育硏究 Vol.23 No.1

The comparative analyses were studied using meteorological data for 16 years from 1980 to 1995. The research set 3 coastal places in the yellow sea side(Incheon, Gunsan, Mokpo) and 3 inland places(Seoul, Jeonju, Gwangju) to investigate the relation between the atmospheric phenomena and sea water temperature of the yellow sea in Korea. To Study the influence of sea water to the coastal and inland places. I used the sea surface temperatures in Incheon, Gunsan and Mokpo where the date of the serial oceanographic places. Sensible heat from the sea surface in the Yellow Sea was evaluated by the formular of Jacobs, Q_s=5.43V(T_s-T_a), where V is wind velocity, T_s is sea surface temperature and T_a is temperature. Air temperatures in the coastal places are higher than ones in the case that the sea surface temperatures are higher than coastal air temperatures. Differences of the sea water temperature is related to the water vapor of the coastal as using mixing ratio that is strongly influenced. Meteorological characteristics of the coastal places are influenced by the fluctuation of sea surface temperatures and sensible heat in the sea.

무안연안의 조류특성에 따른 환경변화

강주환,문승록,박선중 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2004 공업기술연구 Vol.4 No.-

Muan coastal zone consists of Hampyong bay, Tando bay and Chungkye bay, each shows unique tidal current characteristics. Tidal amplification by constructions of the sea-dike and sea-walls has an effect on Chungkye bay. This brings about increase of tidal flat area, which makes the ebb dominance at Chungkye bay more seriously. This study was performed to investigate the environmental changes by tidal current characteristics at Muan coastal zone.

海洋學的 要素의 年週變化가 海洋生物에 미치는 影響 : 莞島 海域의 海苔에 關하여 on the laver in the Wan-Do coast area

曺炷煥,朱國英 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1984 自然科學硏究 Vol.7 No.1

This paper aims to contribute to the increase of laver production with the scientific raising and management of laver, after axamining closely the various surroundings of the inside ocean and the outside of Wan-Do, the central farming place of laver, physically and chemically and comparing and investigating the laver productivity of it. As a result of investigating and studying many important factors thrice a year, that is, in the months of September, Movember an February from 1981, I measured the following factors : water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, Nitrite-N. Phosphate-P, and transparency. The results of study are as follows. The change of water temperature in February 1982 Varied from 5.0℃ to 8.5℃ and in February 1983 Varied from 6.5℃ to 8.5℃. The Salinity in February 1982 fluctuated with in the range between 33.41‰ and 34.03‰ and in February 1983. fluctuation with in the range between 33.31‰ and 33.60‰. pH in general showed a fluctuation between 7.89 and 8.1. The range of dissolved oxygen in 1981 was from 4.40㎖/ℓ to 7.22㎖/ℓ and in 1982, was from 4.20㎖/ℓ to 6.50㎖/ℓ. The change of dissolved oxygen showed the maximum of 1.22㎖/ℓ in February 1981 at station 3, and a minimum 4.20㎖/ℓ at statimon 3 in Septemer 1982. Transparency showed a fluctuation between 0.25m and 1.5m. The change of Nitrite-N in 1982 or 1983, Varied from 1.19㎍-at/ℓ to 0.66㎍-at/ℓ. The phosphate-P in 1982 or 1983 fluctuated with in the range between 0.35㎍-at/ℓ and 1.08㎍-at/ℓ. As a result of the study of the annual variation on oceanographical factors of Wan-Do coast area. Water temperature, more than anything else, was showed up as having an important effects to the laver growth condition and the situation of laver production of the outside ocean was showed up better than that of the inside ocean. I believe the cause of this is that the situation of seawater exchange of inside ocean is poor. And as a result of the overconcentration of laver is also poor. I think the quantity of laver temperature etc., the production of laver is also landwater is little, the exchange of seawater is good, and the quantity of dissoled oxygen is abundant.

莞島東部沿岸의 海洋特性에 關한 硏究

曺炷煥,鄭貴泳 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 自然科學硏究 Vol.13 No.1

An investigation on the physical and chemical condition of the eastern sea waters of Wando Island had been carried out during from February, 1985 to November, 1988, and the followings are the results. Water temperature ranged from 4.9 to 26.4℃. The inner sea waters was lower as much as 2℃ in winter, but higher as much as 1∼3℃ in summer than the outer sea waters. Salinity ranged from 23.60 to 34.21‰, highest in February and lowest in September, and there was the greatest salinity fluctuation near Shinji(St. 1) on the account of the influx of land water. Dissolved oxygen content ranged from 3.56ml/l, high at st. 1 that is the site of inner sea, but low at outer sea, and highest in February and lowest in August. The phosphate concentration ranged from 0.10 to 0.98㎍-at/l, the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) ranged from 0.54 to 7.67 ㎍-at/l, high in spring and low in September, and gradually increased annually. Transparency was in the range of 0.4∼11.0m, low at st.1 and high at st.5 the is located in the outer sea. The concentration of total suspended solids was in the range of 1.2∼53.6mg/l, This showed reverse distribution to the transparency, and its relationship to the transparency at st.5 was S=11.4087-1.2946T(r=0.6577). The distribution rate between DIN and PO_4-P was more stable at bottom that at surf ace and more stable in outer sea than in inner sea waters as well.

莞島治岸海域의 海洋環境特性

曺炷煥,姜恩淑 朝鮮大學校 自然科學硏究所 1995 自然科學硏究 Vol.18 No.1

An investigation on the physical and chemical conditions of the sea water off Wando Island was carried out during a period from February to November, 1992, with the following results. Water temperature ranged from 6.03 to 24.52 ℃. The inner sea water temperature was lower than the outer sea water by as much as 1 ℃ in winter, but higher by as much as 1~3 ℃ in summer. Salinity ranged from 29.70 to 34.95 ‰, with the higher figure occuring in April, and the lower occuhng in August, when the salinity in the inner sea was at its lowest on account of the influx of rainfall. pH ranged from 8.05 to 8.46, lowest in winter, the average was 8.20. Dissolved oxygen content ranged from 3.91 to 7.03 ㎖/ℓ, the higher occuring in winter, and the lower occuhng in summer when the water temperature was highest. COD ranged from 0.23 to 2.51 ㎎/ℓ, with the inner sea water lower than the outer sea water except in winter. Suspended solids were in the range of 2.5-41.5 ㎎/ℓ, the higher occuring in winter, the lower occuring in fall. Average distribution in the inner sea water was higher than the outer except winter. Transparency ranged from 0.5 to 6.1 m, the lower occuring in winter, the higher occuring in summer. The relation between suspended solids and transparency was S=26.012-6.439T (r=0.813) in the outer sea water. The phosphate concentration ranged from 0.05 to 0.48 ㎲-at/ℓ, the higher occuring in winter, the lower occuring in summer with a wide variation. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) ranged from 0.71 to 6.29 ㎲-at/ℓ, higher in the bottom and the outer sea water than in the surface and the inner sea water. From the above investigation the sea area showed a wide variation with time and place or season. These factors are very important for the inhabitance and laying eggs of aquatic life. The sea adjacent the coast of Wando is comparatively pure as yet. But recently, on account of the increasing pollution by materials flowing from inland, the environment of aquatic life gradually worsening. From the data collected in this research it is possible to conclude that 'A countermeasure for the preservation of oceanic environment' with a purpose of decreasing the level of pollution materials which affects the ocean is necessary.

榮山江 河口 댐 建設前後의 海洋環境 比較硏究

曺炷煥,朴榮濟 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1989 自然科學硏究 Vol.12 No.1

In order to find out the effect of the enclosure at Yeongsan River Estuary on the surrounding aquatic envionments, a study on the physical, chemical and biological changes in this area had been carried out during from February, 1979 to November, 1985. Since November, 1981 when the dam was completed, there have been the considerable changes in the enclosed estuary in salinity, dissolved oxygen density, COD, nutrients, suspended particulate matter(SPM), transparency and biological compositions, with reduced water flow and appearance of immovable water masses. The relationship between the density of SPM and the transparency was calculated as S=86.4982-71.4837T(r=-0.8610) in 1979, but this was changed after the enclosure of the tam to S=22.0384-6.1865(r=-0.7488) in 1984. The fishes collected during the investigation are consisted of 12 species incuding Fugu vermicularis porphyreus, Epinephelus septemfasciatus and Hippocampus coronatus, which are newly found from this area. New establishments of clear water-algal species in this area such as Codium fragile, Hizikia fusiforme, Sargassum fulvellum and Undaria pinnatifida implies that a great change of marine flora have been occurred after the enclosure of the dam. benthic animals are 11 species including Mytilus edulis, Chlamys farreri, Musculus senhausia and Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, which are newly inhabited in this area. In paricular M. edulis attached abundantly to the shore, and this implies that there was a great deal of ecological change after the enclosure of dam in this area.

海洋學的 要素의 變化가 김 生産에 미치는 影響

曺炷煥,李元鎭 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1986 自然科學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

The aim of this paper is to study and analyze the physical, chemical and biological elements in Hampyeong bay, and the Aphai coastal area in Sinan on the early growing period August-December for the purpose examing what caused the laver production difficiency in Hampyeong bay in 1983 and 1984. In this study these stations were established in Hampyeong bay, two stations in Aphai coastal area, and water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, chemical oxygen demand, PO_4-P, NH_4-N, NO_2-N, NO_3-N and plankton were investigated. The laver crop was poor in this period for the following reasons; the tide currents interfered by the laver crop to exceed its productive capacity in limited fishing sea area; infant weeds suffered photo-oxidation phenomena by the continuously unusual high temperature of the early periods and excessive sunlight; nutritious salt water was consumed by the excessive propagation of phyto-plankton and seaweeds; the decompose phenomena by the sedimentation of animal and plant remains. The reason why these phenomena occurred is that sea water interchange capacity is limited in the Hampyeong bay itself, and even if seawater is interchanged, it is blocked in the narrow water course of the neighbouring sea area, and the original seawater comes back again in the bay, mixing with outer seawater at the time of the tide. In particular, because a large quantity of laver was cultivated in the open outside Hampyeong bay during 1982 and 1983, the influx of open sea water caused the speed of a current to decrease sharply. For these reasons I consider Hampyeong bay became a sluggish water area.