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Consideration on the Relationship Between Security and Safeguards
Ju-Ang Jung,Hyunjo Kim,Jinha Choi 한국방사성폐기물학회 2023 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.21 No.2
SMR, which has recently been in the spotlight, has several advantages. However, it poses additional challenges in the areas of new design, digitalization, security, safety and safeguards. Among them, security refers to measures to protect nuclear materials and facilities from unauthorized access, theft, or destruction. Safeguards refer to measures to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. The relationship between security and safeguards is complex and constantly evolving. In general, security measures are designed to protect nuclear materials and facilities from physical attack, while safeguards are designed to track and monitor the movement of nuclear materials and prevent them from being used to create nuclear weapons. In some areas security and safeguards work in complementary ways, and in other areas they conflict. But ultimately, finding a balance is what is effective and efficient. In conclusion, although the security and safeguards of SMRs have different key objectives, they are closely related and must be implemented comprehensively and consistently to ensure the safety of nuclear facilities, the public, and the environment. In this paper, we investigate how the safety and safeguards of SMR are currently being researched and analyze what difficulties there are when assuming that they are operated as a single interface.
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Evaluation of Knee Joint after Double-Bundle ACL Reconstruction with Three-Dimensional Isotropic MRI
Jung, Min ju,Jeong, Yu Mi,Lee, Beom Goo,Sim, Jae Ang,Choi, Hye-Young,Kim, Jeong Ho,Lee, Sheen-Woo Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2016 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.20 No.2
Purpose: To evaluate the knee joint after double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with three-dimensional (3D) isotropic magnetic resonance (MR) image, and to directly compare the ACL graft findings on 3D MR with the clinical results. Materials and Methods: From January 2009 to December 2014, we retrospectively reviewed MRIs of 39 patients who had reconstructed ACL with double bundle technique. The subjects were examined using 3D isotropic proton-density sequence and routine two-dimensional (2D) sequence on 3.0T scanner. The MR images were qualitatively evaluated for the intraarticular curvature, graft tear, bony impingement, intraosseous tunnel cyst, and synovitis of anteromedial and posterolateral bundles (AMB, PLB). In addition anterior tibial translation, PCL angle, PCL ratio were quantitatively measured. KT arthrometric values were reviewed for anterior tibial translation as positive or negative. The second look arthroscopy results including tear and laxity were reviewed. Results: Significant correlations were found between an AMB tear on 3D-isotropic proton density MR images and arthroscopic proven AMB tear or laxity (P < 0.05). Also, a significant correlation was observed between increased PCL ratio on 3D isotropic MRI and the arthroscopic findings such as tear, laxities of grafts (P < 0.05). KT arthrometric results were found to be significantly correlated with AMB tears (P < 0.05) and tibial tunnel cysts (P < 0.05). Conclusion: An AMB tear on 3D-isotropic MRI was correlated with arthroscopic results qualitatively and quantitatively. 3D isotropic MRI findings can aid the evaluation of ACL grafts after double bundle reconstruction.
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( Hye Jung Ihn ),( Ju Ang Kim ),( Yong Chul Bae ),( Hong-in Shin ),( Moon-chang Baek ),( Eui Kyun Park ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2017 BMB Reports Vol.50 No.3
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the third most common cancer that spreads to the bone, resulting in osteolytic lesions caused by hyperactivation of osteoclasts. Activating mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase (EGF-TK) are frequently associated with NSCLC, and afatinib is a first-line therapeutic drug, irreversibly targeting EGF-TK. However, the effects of afatinib on osteoclast differentiation and activation as well as the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, afatinib significantly suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Consistently, afatinib inhibited the expression of osteoclast marker genes, whereas, it upregulated the expression of negative modulator genes. The bone resorbing activity of osteoclasts was also abrogated by afatinib. In addition, afatinib significantly inhibited RANKL-mediated Akt/protein kinase B and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. These results suggest that afatinib substantially suppresses osteoclasto-genesis by downregulating RANK signaling pathways, and thus may reduce osteolysis after bone metastasis. [BMB Reports 2017; 50(3): 150-155]
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Kim, Ju Ang,Yun, Hui-suk,Choi, Young-Ae,Kim, Jung-Eun,Choi, So-Young,Kwon, Tae-Geon,Kim, Young Kyung,Kwon, Tae-Yub,Bae, Myung Ae,Kim, Nak Jeong,Bae, Yong Chul,Shin, Hong-In,Park, Eui Kyun IPC Science and Technology Press 2018 Biomaterials Vol.157 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Incorporating bioactive molecules into synthetic ceramic scaffolds is challenging. In this study, to enhance bone regeneration, a magnesium phosphate (MgP) ceramic scaffold was incorporated with a novel indene compound, KR-34893. KR-34893 induced the deposition of minerals and expression of osteoblast marker genes in primary human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and a mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell line. Analysis of the mode of action showed that KR-34893 induced the phosphorylation of MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and subsequently the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7, accompanied by SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation. Accordingly, KR-34893 was incorporated into an MgP scaffold prepared by 3D printing at room temperature, followed by cement reaction. KR-34893-incorporated MgP (KR-MgP) induced the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes <I>in vitro</I>. In a rat calvaria defect model, KR-MgP scaffolds enhanced bone regeneration and increased bone volume compared with MgP scaffolds, as assessed by micro-computed tomography and histological analyses. In conclusion, we developed a method for producing osteoinductive MgP scaffolds incorporating a bioactive organic compound, without high temperature sintering. The KR-MgP scaffolds enhanced osteoblast activation <I>in vitro</I> and bone regeneration <I>in vivo</I>.</P>
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Ihn, Hye Jung,Kim, Ju Ang,Cho, Hye Sung,Shin, Hong-In,Kim, Gi-Young,Choi, Yung Hyun,Jeon, You-Jin,Park, Eui Kyun MDPI 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.12
<P>Marine algae possess a variety of beneficial effects on human health. In this study, we investigated whether diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), isolated from <I>Ishige okamurae</I>, a brown alga, suppresses receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. DPHC significantly suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) expression in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, it significantly inhibited actin ring formation, the expression of osteoclast marker genes, such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (Nfatc1), cathepsin K (Ctsk), and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (Dcstamp), and osteoclast-induced bone resorption. Analysis of the RANKL-mediated signaling pathway showed that the phosphorylation of both IκB and p65 was specifically inhibited by DPHC. These results suggest that DPHC substantially suppresses osteoclastogenesis by downregulating the RANK-NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, it holds significant potential for the treatment of skeletal diseases associated with an enhanced osteoclast activity.</P>
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Ihn, Hye Jung,Lee, Taeho,Lee, Doohyun,Kim, Ju Ang,Kim, Kiryeong,Lim, Soomin,Kim, Jae-Young,Lee, Youngkyun,Kim, Sang-Hyun,Lee, Hyun-Shik,Shin, Hong-In,Park, Eui Kyun Elsevier 2018 Toxicology and applied pharmacology Vol.355 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Since elevated osteoclast formation and/or activity by inhibitory responses against pathogens leads to diverse osteolytic bone diseases including periodontitis, inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption has been a primary therapeutic strategy. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of a novel benzamide-linked molecule, OCLI-070, for preventing alveolar bone loss in mice with ligature-induced experimental periodontitis. OCLI-070 inhibited osteoclast formation by acting on both early and late stages of differentiation, and attenuated the induction of nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and the expression of osteoclast-specific genes. In addition, OCLI-070 significantly suppressed the formation of actin rings and resorption pits. Analysis of the inhibitory action of OCLI-070 showed that it markedly suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-κB signaling cascades. Moreover, OCLI-070 prevented ligature-induced alveolar bone erosion in mice by suppressing osteoclast formation. These findings demonstrate that OCLI-070 attenuated osteoclast differentiation and function as well as ligature-induced bone erosion by inhibiting RANKL-mediated ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> OCLI-070 inhibits osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow-derived macrophages. </LI> <LI> OCLI-070 significantly attenuates the bone-resorbing activity. </LI> <LI> OCLI-070 suppresses RANKL-induced MEK-ERK and NF-κB pathways. </LI> <LI> OCLI-070 protects ligature-induced alveolar bone loss. </LI> </UL> </P>
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KYOUNG JOON CHOI,신상훈,JONG JIN KIM,JU ANG JUNG,김지현 한국원자력학회 2012 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.44 No.5
The dissimilar metal joints welded between Ni-based alloy, Alloy 690 and low alloy steel, A533 Gr. B with Alloy 152filler metal were characterized by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope,secondary ion mass spectrometry and 3-dimensional atom probe tomography. It was found that in the weld root region, the weld was divided into several regions including unmixed zone in Ni-base alloy, fusion boundary, and heat-affected zone in the low alloy steel. The result of nanostructural and nanochemical analyses in this study showed the non-homogeneous distribution of elements with higher Fe but lower Mn, Ni and Cr in A533 Gr. B compared with Alloy 152, and the precipitation of carbides near the fusion boundary.
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Algorithm Optimization of Inspection Sample Size Calculation for Improving Computation Time
Byung Hee Won,Hyun-Jo Kim,Ju-Ang Jung 한국방사성폐기물학회 2023 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.21 No.1
A sample size calculation algorithm was developed in a prototype version to select inspection samples in domestic bulk handling facilities. This algorithm determines sample sizes of three verification methods satisfying target detection probability for defected items corresponding to one significant quantity (8 kg of plutonium, 75 kg of uranium 235). In addition, instead of using the approximation equation-based algorithm presented in IAEA report, the sample size calculation algorithm based on hypergeometric density function capable of calculating an accurate non-detection probability is adopted. The algorithm based the exact equation evaluates non-detection probability more accurately than the existing algorithm based on the approximation equation, but there is a disadvantage that computation time is considerably longer than the existing algorithm due to the large amount of computational process. It is required to determine sample size within a few hours using laptop-level performance because sample size is generally calculated with an inspector’s portable laptop during inspection activity. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the calculation speed of the algorithm based on the exact equation. In this study, algorithm optimization was conducted to improve computation time. In order to determine optimal sample size, the initial sample size is calculated first, and the next step is to perform an iterative process by changing the sample size to find optimal result. Most of the computation time occurs in sample size optimization process performing iterative computation. First, a non-detection probability calculation algorithm according to the sample sizes of three verification methods was improved in the iterative calculation process for optimizing sample size. A computation time for each step within the algorithm was reviewed in detail, and improvement approaches were derived and applied to some areas that have major effects. In addition, the number of iterative process to find the optimal sample size was greatly reduced by applying the algorithm based on the bisection method. This method finds optimal value using a large interval at the beginning step and reduces the interval size whenever the number of repetitions increases, so the number of iterative process is less than the existing algorithm using unit interval size. Finally, the sample sizes were calculated for 219 example cases presented by the IAEA report to compare computation time. The existing algorithm took about 15 hours, but the improved algorithm took only about 41 minutes using high performance workstation (about 22 times faster). It also took 87 minutes for calculating the cases using a regular laptop. The improved algorithm through this study is expected to be able to apply the sample size determination process, which was performed based on the approximate equation due to the complexity and speed issues of the past calculation process, based on the accurate equation.
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