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- 저자 : Joyce Van Eck (검색결과 5 건)
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Amir Hameed,Rakhshanda Bilal,Farooq Latif,Joyce Van Eck,Georg Jander,Shahid Mansoor 한국식물생명공학회 2018 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.12 No.3
Potato tubers must be cold-stored to extend their shelf life and maintain an uninterrupted supply chain for food processors. However, a side-effect of low-temperature storage is manifested in terms of cold-induced sweetening (CIS) of potato tubers, which reduces the processing quality and the commercial value of the end-products. RNA interference (RNAi) technology, whereby transgene-derived small interfering RNAs can trigger the homology-based knockdown of cognate host genes and can initiate gene silencing, has been successfully applied in crop improvement through targeted gene knockout in host plants. In the current study, transgenic potato plants (Solanum tuberosum cv. Désirée) were generated, expressing a 300 bp hairpin loop nucleotide sequence targeting the potato vacuolar invertase gene (VInv), under the constitutive Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Tubers collected from transgenic lines showed a significant reduction in reducing sugar content after 180 days of cold storage, without showing any measurable off-target effects on plant morphology and tuberization compared to nontransformed control plants. The cold-stored tubers were further assayed for chip color, which showed a fairly light colored quality in the samples originating from RNAi lines. Together with similar effects seen in previously published experiments involving other potato varieties, the Désirée results described here establish the efficacy of using RNAi for the successful reduction of CIS in potato tubers.
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Control of inflorescence architecture in tomato by BTB/POZ transcriptional regulators
Xu, Cao,Park, Soon Ju,Van Eck, Joyce,Lippman, Zachary B. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 2016 Genes & development Vol.30 No.18
<P>Plant productivity depends on inflorescences, flower-bearing shoots that originate from the stem cell populations of shoot meristems. Inflorescence architecture determines flower production, which can vary dramatically both between and within species. In tomato plants, formation of multiflowered inflorescences depends on a precisely timed process of meristem maturation mediated by the transcription factor gene TERMINATING FLOWER (TMF), but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We show that TMF protein acts together with homologs of the Arabidopsis BLADE-ON-PETIOLE (BOP) transcriptional cofactors, defined by the conserved BTB (Broad complex, Tramtrack, and Bric-a-brac)/POZ (POX virus and zinc finger) domain. TMF and three tomato BOPs (S1BOPs) interact with themselves and each other, and TMF recruits S1BOPs to the nucleus, suggesting formation of a transcriptional complex. Like TMF, S1BOP gene expression is highest during vegetative and transitional stages of meristem maturation, and CRISPR/Cas9 elimination of S1BOP function causes pleiotropic defects, most notably simplification of inflorescences into single flowers, resembling tmf mutants. Flowering defects are enhanced in higher-order s1bop tmf mutants, suggesting that S1BOPs function with additional factors. In support of this, S1BOPs interact with TMF homologs, mutations in which cause phenotypes like sibop mutants. Our findings reveal a new flowering module defined by S1BOP TMF family interactions that ensures a progressive meristem maturation to promote inflorescence complexity.</P>
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Variation in the flowering gene SELF PRUNING 5G promotes day-neutrality and early yield in tomato
Soyk, Sebastian,Mü,ller, Niels A,Park, Soon Ju,Schmalenbach, Inga,Jiang, Ke,Hayama, Ryosuke,Zhang, Lei,Van Eck, Joyce,Jimé,nez-Gó,mez, José,M,Lippman, Zachary B Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2017 Nature genetics Vol.49 No.1
<P>Plants evolved so that their flowering is triggered by seasonal changes in day lengths. However, day-length sensitivity in crops limits their geographical range of cultivation, and thus modification of the photoperiod response was critical for their domestication(2-11). Here we show that loss of day-length-sensitive flowering in tomato was driven by the florigen paralog and flowering repressor SELF-PRUNING 5G (SP5G). SP5G expression is induced to high levels during long days in wild species, but not in cultivated tomato because of cis-regulatory variation. CRISPR/Cas9-engineered mutations in SP5G cause rapid flowering and enhance the compact determinate growth habit of field tomatoes, resulting in a quick burst of flower production that translates to an early yield. Our findings suggest that pre-existing variation in SP5G facilitated the expansion of cultivated tomato beyond its origin near the equator in South America, and they provide a compelling demonstration of the power of gene editing to rapidly improve yield traits in crop breeding.</P>
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Bypassing Negative Epistasis on Yield in Tomato Imposed by a Domestication Gene
Soyk, Sebastian,Lemmon, Zachary H.,Oved, Matan,Fisher, Josef,Liberatore, Katie L.,Park, Soon Ju,Goren, Anna,Jiang, Ke,Ramos, Alexis,van der Knaap, Esther,Van Eck, Joyce,Zamir, Dani,Eshed, Yuval,Lippma Cell Press 2017 Cell Vol. No.
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Selection for inflorescence architecture with improved flower production and yield is common to many domesticated crops. However, tomato inflorescences resemble wild ancestors, and breeders avoided excessive branching because of low fertility. We found branched variants carry mutations in two related transcription factors that were selected independently. One founder mutation enlarged the leaf-like organs on fruits and was selected as fruit size increased during domestication. The other mutation eliminated the flower abscission zone, providing “jointless” fruit stems that reduced fruit dropping and facilitated mechanical harvesting. Stacking both beneficial traits caused undesirable branching and sterility due to epistasis, which breeders overcame with suppressors. However, this suppression restricted the opportunity for productivity gains from weak branching. Exploiting natural and engineered alleles for multiple family members, we achieved a continuum of inflorescence complexity that allowed breeding of higher-yielding hybrids. Characterizing and neutralizing similar cases of negative epistasis could improve productivity in many agricultural organisms.</P> <P><B>Video Abstract</B></P> <P>Display Omitted</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Mutations in two MADS-box genes were selected in tomato domestication and breeding </LI> <LI> Interaction of the alleles caused extreme inflorescence branching and sterility </LI> <LI> Natural and gene-edited MADS-box alleles provide a range of inflorescence types </LI> <LI> Dosage from selected alleles allows improved inflorescence architecture and yield </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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