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        Advances for the Development of In Vitro Immunosensors for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis

        Jorge M. Guerrero,Francisco S. Aguirre,María L. Mota,Amanda Carrillo 한국바이오칩학회 2021 BioChip Journal Vol.15 No.3

        The diagnosis of diseases based on immunosensors have been objective of research in the last years, providing an improvement for a rapid detection, high sensitivity, precision, accuracy, specifi city and resolution. Areas of progress such as analytical technologies, interpretation and standardization has been done for common biomarkers. However, years of research and development of a functional immunosensor with an unusual biomarker require further investigation to be optimized in any aspect. Recent development of biosensors to diagnose nervous system diseases, such as immunosensors for multiple sclerosis, has been the object of study in the past 10 years to improve common in vitro diagnostic methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), showing a big opportunity for further diagnostic optimization. The aim of this review is to show a report on the development of in vitro immunosensors for multiple sclerosis diagnosis until today, with the particular focus on monitoring analyte concentration levels on cerebrospinal fl uid and serum as a contribution and improvement to current diagnostic methods.

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        An optimized index for cold tolerance assessment in rice during germination and early seedling stage

        Monzón Daisy Leticia Ramirez,Cantero Jorge,Danielowski Rodrigo,da Luz Viviane Kopp,Venske Eduardo,Mota Monalize Salete,da Silva Raissa Martins,de Oliveira Victoria Freitas,de Oliveira Antonio Costa,de 한국작물학회 2023 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.26 No.2

        Cold tolerance at germination and seedling stage is one of the most seeked traits in Southern Brazilian rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, thus, the availability of improved methods for germplasm assessment is of high importance for breeding programs. The aim of this study was to validate an optimized Average Tolerance Index (ATI) for rice germplasm assessment under cold at germination and early seedling stage. A diverse panel composed by 124 rice accessions was assayed. Four genotypes with known performance under cold were used as controls (two tolerant and two sensitive). The genotypes were sown in roll papers, and evaluated at 13 °C for 28 days (cold stress) and 25 °C for seven days (control). Four traits were measured, germination percentage, coleoptile length, root length and shoot length, which were converted in terms of relative perfor‑ mance (cold/control). A PCA analysis was carried out. The ATI was calculated as a linear combination of all trait’s relative performance, weighted by the importance of each trait in explaining the genetic variability in the set, through including the PC1 vectors as trait coefcients. K means was applied for genotype classifcation. The panel showed expressive genetic variability for performance under low temperature. The ATI successfully distinguished the controls regarding their cold tolerance and allowed the formation of four classes of genotypes, sensitive, moderately sensitive, moderately tolerant and tolerant. The assessment of rice germplasm for cold tolerance at germination and seedling stage through ATI is a viable alternative for the identifcation of tolerant genotypes.

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        Combined training (strength plus aerobic) potentiates a reduction in body fat but only functional training reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in postmenopausal women with a similar training load

        Fabrício Eduardo Rossi,Ana Claudia S. Fortaleza,Lucas M. Neves,Tiego A. Diniz,Marcela R. de Castro,Camila Buonani,Jorge Mota,Ismael F. Freitas Junior 한국운동재활학회 2017 JER Vol.13 No.3

        The aim of this study was to compare the effects of combined (CT; strength plus aerobic) and functional training (FT) on the body composition and metabolic profile with a similar training load in postmenopausal women. The participants were divided into three groups: CT (n= 20), FT (n= 17), and control group (CG, n= 15). The trunk FM, fat mass (FM), percentage of FM (FM%), and fat-free mass were estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The metabolic profile, glucose, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were assessed. There were main effects of time in trunk fat, FM, and FM% (P< 0.05). There were statistically significant interaction for FM (P= 0.015), FM% (P= 0.017) with lower values for CT group. For LDL-c, there was significant interaction (P= 0.002) with greater values for FT group in relation to CG and CT. Furthermore, when performed the post hoc test on the “mean absolute differences” (Δ), it can observed statistically significant difference between FT, CT, and CG (-13.0± 16.5 mg/dL vs. 4.8± 18.4 mg/dL vs. 9.2± 18.8 mg/dL, P< 0.05). In conclusion, when training loads are equivalent CT potentiated a reduction in FM and FM%, however, only FT reduced LDL-c in postmenopausal women.

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