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El problema del fracaso escolar y del abandono escolar prematuro en Espana
( Alvaro Choi Y Jorge Calero ) 고려대학교 스페인·라틴아메리카연구소 2010 스페인라틴아메리카연구 Vol.3 No.-
Uno de los principales problemas del sistema educativo espanol consiste en sus elevadas tasas de fracaso escolar y de abandono escolar prematuro, que duplican la media de la UE. Esta situacion tiene graves consecuencias para la insercion laboral y social del individuo y, a nivel global, supone un desaprovechamiento de recursos materiales y humanos, asi como un riesgo para la cohesion de la sociedad espanola. En este articulo se revisan algunas de las causas que provocan que un alumno corra el riesgo de no completar sus estudios obligatorios, algunas de sus consecuencias, y se efectuan propuestas de politica educativa para combatir el problema.
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Private tutoring and academic achievement in Korea: An approach through PISA-2006
Álvaro Choi,Jorge Calero,Josep-Oriol Escardíbul 한국교육개발원 2012 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.9 No.2
Although not exclusive to the Republic of Korea’s educational system, the pervasiveness of private tutoring, and its consequences, serve to distinguish it from systems operated in other countries. This paper quantifies the impact of time spent on private tutoring on the performance of students in the three competence fields assessed in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Instrumental variables are applied in a multilevel framework to address endogeneity. Our results indicate that the impact of time dedicated to private tutoring on academic performance depends on the particular competence: positive for mathematics, positive but decreasing for reading, and non-significant for science.
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Hernandez Alejandro,Nuñez Jorge H.,Sallent Andrea,Gargallo-Margarit Albert,Gallardo-Calero Irene,Barro Victor 대한정형외과학회 2020 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.12 No.2
Background: Untreated osteonecrosis of the femoral head ultimately leads to secondary coxarthrosis. The aim of this study was to determinate if the core decompression of the femoral head combined with implantation of autologous bone marrow concentrate with tricalcium phosphate could be used to prevent radiographic progression of early stage osteonecrosis of the hip. We also sought to determine whether this treatment improved clinical outcomes and reduced the need for total hip arthroplasty. Methods: Eighteen hips were included in the present study. All of them underwent core decompression of the femoral head combined with implantation of autologous bone marrow concentrate with tricalcium phosphate between 2007 and 2012. The cell concentrate was obtained from the posterior iliac crest and processed and implanted during the same surgical procedure. Patient demographic data, clinical data including modified Harris hip score, and radiological data were collected preoperatively, postoperatively, and during the follow-up period. Also, survival endpoints were analyzed: time of femoral head collapse and need for total hip arthroplasty. Results: The mean age of patients was 37.8 years (standard deviation [SD], 9.31 years). The mean follow-up was 68.9 months (SD, 15.0 months). In most cases (70.6%), the etiology of the osteonecrosis of the femoral head was corticosteroid use; in the remaining cases, secondary to alcohol use. Core decompression of the femoral head combined with implantation of autologous bone marrow concentrate with tricalcium phosphate did not prevent progression to collapse (< 80% at 5 years) although modified Harris hip scores improved. Overall median survival with the total hip arthroplasty as endpoint was 23 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.9 to 31.1 months). Overall median survival time with any degree of collapse as endpoint was 7 months (95% CI, 2.0 to 12.0 months). Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that core decompression combined with implantation of autologous bone marrow concentrate and tricalcium phosphate will not prevent radiographic progression of early stage osteonecrosis of the hip. These finding also suggest that the absence of indications for hip replacement alone is not an indicator of good response to the treatment, and it is important to note the radiological results.
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