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백서 신경병증통증 모델에서 유도된 ERK 1/2와 CREB 신호 단백질에 대한 Ketamine의 억제효과
최진우 ( Jin Woo Choi ),인장혁 ( Jang Hyeok In ),김용신 ( Yong Shin Kim ),강유진 ( Yoo Jin Kang ),임용걸 ( Yong Gul Lim ),조수민 ( Su Min Cho ),신은영 ( Eun Young Shin ),주진덕 ( Jin Deok Joo ) 대한마취과학회 2009 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.57 No.2
Background: In addition to causing the loss of voluntary sensory and motor function, spinal cord injury (SCI) often creates a state of central neuropathic pain. Rats given SCI display increases in the activated form of transcription factors ERK 1/2 MAPK and CREB in the spinal cord, which correspond to allodynia in a model of neuropathic pain. This study was conducted to determine if low dose ketamine had an effect on the activation of ERK 1/2 and CREB in the development of neuropathic pain. Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate ERK 1/2 and CREB protein in a sham operated (control) group, neuropathic pain and normal saline (NP+NS) group and neuropathic pain and ketamine (NP+Keta) group. To accomplish this, male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and then subjected to L5-L6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL, neuropathic rats). The total amounts of ERK 1/2 and CREB protein were then assessed by western blot analysis. In addition, changes in the amounts of ERK 1/2 and CREB mRNA were evaluated by RT-PCR. Results: There was a significant increase in the amount of ERK 1/2 and CREB in the NP+NS group when compared with the sham group. However, the amount of ERK 1/2 and CREB protein induced due to SNL were significantly reduced by continuous infusion with ketamine in the NP+Keta group. Conclusions: The results of this study revealed a positive linkage between NMDA receptors and the ERK-CREB signaling pathway. Therefore, NMDA receptors could be the target of future therapeutic approaches. Additionally, the results of the present study provide additional evidence that low dose ketamine effectively prevents and treats central neuropathic pain following SNL. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2009;57:210∼6)
도시지역 우수유출 저감을 위한 식재박스형 침투시설의 개발
주진걸(Joo, Jin-Gul),조혜진(Cho, Hye-Jin),이유화(Lee, Yu-Hwa),김이형(Kim, Lee-Hyung) 한국산학기술학회 2011 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.12 No.11
우수유출저감과 건전한 도시 물순환 환경의 구축을 위하여 다양한 침투시설들의 개발 및 적용이 점점 중요 해지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 도시에서 가로수목공간으로 사용되는 식재박스를 활용하여, 우수유출의 저감, 도시내 물 순환 체계 개선 및 친환경적인 기능을 수행할 수 있는 침투시설을 개발하였다. 개발된 시설은 작은 규모로도 설치할 수 있어 광로, 대로, 중로, 소로 및 보행도로나 좁은 공간의 구분없이 설치가 가능하여, 기존 도시 및 신도시 등에 광 범위하게 적용할 수 있다. 개발된 기술을 4차로에 적용할 경우 식수대의 설치간격을 6m미만으로 유지한다면, 98%의 호우사상에 대하여 우수의 유출을 65% 이상 저감할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 개발된 가로수목공간 조 성기술 적용을 통하여, 우수유출 저감에 따른 치수효과와 더불어 녹색도시의 구현이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. It becomes more and more important to develop various infiltration facilities for healthy water cycle and reduction of urban storm water runoff. In this study, a infiltration facility by utilizing tree box was developed. The developed facility is capable of reducing storm water road runoff, improving urban water cycle, and performing other sustainable and environmental functions. Because the facility can be manufactured to a smaller size than an existing runoff reduction facility, it can be installed at various road types of not only existing urban areas, but new developed areas. If the facility is applied to four-lane roadways, it is expected to reduce 65% of rainfall runoff discharge. Urban flood control improvement can be accomplished by a wide application of the developed technique.