경제의 관치를 강화시킬 2020년 기업규제 3법 및 노동3법 개정 <논평>

박종운 ( Park¸ Jongwoon ) 한국질서경제학회 2021 질서경제저널 Vol.24 No.1

이 글에서는 지난 2020년 정기국회에서 통과된 기업규제 3법 및 노동3법에 대해서 그 내용과 문제점들을 살펴보고자 했다. 그 법들이 ‘경제민주화’라는 프레임 하에서 제출되고 통과되었기에, 시장경제에서 통용가능한 진정한 ‘경제민주화’는 어떤 것이어야 하는지의 시각에서 살펴보았다. 진정한 경제민주화는 시장에서 소비자의 선택권을 중심으로 한 것이어야 한다. 이것을 도외시한 개념으로서의 ‘경제민주화’는 잘못된 것일 뿐 아니라, 경제의 관치(관치경제)를 포장한 말에 불과하다. 기업은 시장에서 소비자의 사랑을 받을 경우 성장하고 그렇지 못할 경우에 소멸한다. 기업가의 창의와 노력이 시장에서 매일 평가받음에도 불구하고, 국가가 기업가에 대한 감시를 강화하고 국민연금 등을 통해서 기업 경영자를 갈아치우는 일은 바람직스럽지 못하다. 바로 이런 시각에서 볼 때 기업가의 ‘사익 편취’라는 프레임 하에 내부자 거래 등을 제약하려고 기준을 강화했는데, 기업의 분화 및 합치는 오히려 거래비용 관점에서 효율성을 기준으로 보아야 한다. 그렇게 하지 않고, 오직 부의 대물림에 대한 질투란 관점에서 기업가의 부당내부거래라고 본다면 이는 기업의 본성을 보지 못하는 것이다. 또한 시장경제 질서에 맞는 노동조합은 기업별 노동조합이다. 그런데 이번 노동3법은 산별노조의 속성을 슬쩍 끼워넣었다. 산별노조는 시장에서 소비자의 선택을 받으려는 동종업종 기업들 사이의 경쟁을 무시하는 조직방법이다. 바로 이런 경쟁적 요소를 없애는 것으로부터 출발하여 ‘만국의 노동자’를 단결시키려는 것은 마르크스주의의 반기업적 반시장적 행태인 것이지, 시장경제에 맞는 방법이 아니다. 이처럼 기업가에게는 제약을, 반기업적 노동운동에는 무기를 주는 것이 이번 법개정의 특징인 바, 이는 자유시장경제를 통한 번영의 후퇴를 가져올 것이다. 따라서 잘못된 프레이밍에 근거한 이번 법개정들의 경우 시급한 원상복구가 필요하다고 생각된다. In this article, I tried to examine the main contents and problems of the three corporate regulating acts and the three pro-labor acts, which were passed at the regular session of National Assembly in 2020. Since the laws were submitted and passed under the framing of “economic democracy”, I looked at what the true “economic democracy” that can be used in the market economy should be. True economic democracy should center around consumer choices in the market. “economic democracy” as a concept that neglects this point is not only a mistake, but also a wrong word that disguises the bureaucratic governance of the economy. Essentially companies grow when they are loved by consumers in the market, and faded away when they don’t. The creativity and efforts of entrepreneurs are evaluated in the market everyday. It is not desirable for the state to strengthen surveillance of entrepreneurs and to change business managers through the NPS(National Pension Service) also. From this point of view, regulations have been reinforced to restrict insider-trading, etc., under the framing of anti ‘entrepreneurs’ private interest seeking’. But the division and consolidation of companies should be viewed on the basis of efficiency in terms of transaction costs. Instead of doing that, only looking at jealousy about the inheritance of wealth as an unfair internal transaction of an entrepreneur is a wrong sight on the nature of the enterprise. Also, the trade unionism that fits the market economy order is the each trade union within each company. However, these three pro-labor laws sneak into the one industrial union. Industrial union is an organizational method that ignores competition among companies in the same industry that seeks consumer choice in the market. After eliminating these competitive elements, trying to unite the “workers of all nations” is a method of Marxist anti-corporate and anti-market behavior. So it is not suitable for the market economy. So the law amendment in this time is characterized by giving restrictions to entrepreneurs, but giving weapons to anti-company labor movements, which will lead to a retreat of the prosperity of a free market economy. Therefore, in the case of these law amendments based on incorrect framing, restoration is urgently necessary.

Electrical Properties of Trilayer Organic Light-Emitting Diodes With a Mixed Emitting Layer

Jongwoon Park,Seounghwan Park,Dongchan Shin IEEE 2009 Journal of Lightwave Technology Vol.27 No.13

<P>We investigate the electrical properties of three different trilayer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), one of which is based on a conventional layered structure and the others on a blended structure where an emitting layer (EML) is uniformly or stepwise mixed with an electron transport layer (ETL), Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum ( Alq<SUB>3</SUB>). By way of simulations, we visualize the electrical behaviors that provide a clear understanding on why the uniformly mixed structure enhances further the longevity of OLEDs, compared to the other configurations. Namely, the uniformly mixed structure has the lowest concentration of positive charges in the ETL (thereby reducing oxidative degradation of Alq<SUB>3</SUB>) and weakest electric field (decreasing the probability of Joule heating), followed by the stepwise mixed one and then the layered one. However, such blended structures show lower recombination efficiency due to the delocalization of carriers (recombination), which has been demonstrated by simulations of the current balance.</P>

Dual Partial Dye Doping for Chromaticity Tuning and Performance Enhancement of White OLEDs

Jongwoon Park,Suganuma, N.,Kawakami, Y. IEEE 2008 Journal of display technology Vol.4 No.1

<P>In general, a guest dopant is doped into a single host matrix for white-light emission with two complementary colors. In this work, however, we have fabricated a white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) based on dual partial dye doping in which a guest dopant is partially doped into two different host emitters; namely, orange-red emitting 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminos-tyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) is partially doped into both blue-emitting 4, 4'-bis(2,2'-diphenylvinyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (DPVBi) and green-emitting Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq<SUB>3</SUB>). We demonstrate that dual partial dye doping allows us to finely tune the Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates to the equienergy white point (x = 0.33, y = 0.33). In addition, it enhances device performance further, compared to WOLEDs based on DCM partially doped into a single host matrix (either DPVBi or Alq<SUB>3</SUB>). Moreover, the dual partial doping scheme is shown to provide a way of suppressing the self-quenching effect (singlet-singlet annihilation). For a systematic study, we have implemented a comprehensive numerical model and performed simulations of the OLED structure, providing a clear understanding with regard to the underlying physics of OLEDs. We also carry out an investigation of the effects of key design parameters such as the doped layer position and thickness and dye.</P>

Luminance Uniformity of Large-Area OLEDs With an Auxiliary Metal Electrode

Jongwoon Park,Jongho Lee,Dongchan Shin,Seounghwan Park IEEE 2009 Journal of display technology Vol.5 No.8

<P>One of the key issues of a large-area organic light-emitting diode (OLED) for flat panel lighting applications is to enhance the uniformity of light emission. In this work, we have investigated the effect of an auxiliary metal (chrome) electrode in association with a device configuration on the luminance uniformity of a large-area (15 times 15 cm<SUP>2</SUP>) white OLED. We demonstrate that the ratio between the effective horizontal resistance of anode (indium-tin-oxide (ITO) with the grid patterned metal electrode) and the vertical resistance of the OLED device is the critical factor to determine the luminance uniformity. Moreover, the luminance uniformity is shown to be a function of the current density and degraded with increasing current density. Namely, the OLED panel with the 200-mu m-wide metal lines exhibits the luminance uniformity as high as 90% at 200 mA and 85% at 500 mA.</P>

Electrical annealing for flexible organic light-emitting diodes having poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) anodes

Park, Byoungchoo,Park, Chan Hyuk,Yim, Younchan,Park, Jongwoon American Institute of Physics 2010 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.108 No.8

Power Recycling of Large-Area OLEDs Using Solar Cells

Jongwoon Park,Jongho Lee,Dongchan Shin IEEE 2010 Journal of display technology Vol.6 No.7

<P>We demonstrate that power recycling is feasible by merging a large-area (30 ×120 mm<SUP>2</SUP>) OLED panel and a solar cell into each other. The power recycling efficiency of 0.152% is achieved under the illumination of one side-emitting white OLED at 2450 cd/m<SUP>2</SUP> when the conversion efficiency of a reference solar cell is 4% and the distance between the OLED and solar cell is 1.5 mm. We have found that the power recycling efficiency is decreased under high brightness due to a decrease in the power efficiency of OLED and a loss of current induced by the resistance of a transparent electrode. We have also shown that local heat generation of the large-area OLED panel would be an issue for power recycling.</P>

Numerical Analysis of Multilayer Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Park, Jongwoon,Kawakami, Yoichi,Park, Seoung-Hwan IEEE 2007 Journal of lightwave technology Vol.25 No.9

<P> We make a comparative analysis of two different multilayer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), one of which has an emitting layer (EML), and the other has a carrier transport controlling layer (CTCL) embedded between a hole transport layer (HTL) and an electron transport layer (ETL). The key differences between them lie in the carrier mobilities (relatively low for EML but high for CTCL) and energy levels of the middle layer. An in-depth numerical analysis has been done to provide guidelines for the design of trilayer OLED structures, especially in the context of mobility and energy level offsets. Furthermore, we focus on the transient response and carrier charge and discharge dynamics of those devices. Other than the HTL/CTCL/ETL structure, the transient current balance of the HTL/EML/ETL structure is shown to be much affected by the energy level offsets at the organic/organic interfaces due to the slow carrier dynamics in the EML. It is also demonstrated that the electroluminescence (EL) delay upon turn-on is mainly determined by the electron transport passing through the ETL and further EML, while the fast EL decay upon turn-off is by the rapid discharge of the abrupt accumulation of carriers at the organic/organic interfaces. </P>

Solution processable single layer organic light-emitting devices with a single small molecular ionic iridium compound

Park, Byoungchoo,Huh, Yoon Ho,Jeon, Hong Goo,Park, Chan Huk,Kang, Tae Kyung,Kim, Byeong Hyo,Park, Jongwoon American Institute of Physics 2010 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.108 No.9

Organic LEDs Combined With Inorganic LEDs

Jongwoon Park,Taehyun Ban,Daehyuk Choi IEEE 2011 Journal of Lightwave Technology Vol.29 No.18

<P>An organic light-emitting device (OLED) is coupled with inorganic LEDs to strengthen the OLED's weak point (i.e., low luminous intensity). To this end, side-view LED bars are deployed on the sides of the glass substrate of OLED. To extract not only OLED light but also LED light from the glass substrate, a microlens array (MLA) film is attached to the outer surface of the glass substrate. It is found by experiments that the LED light intensity from the emission area of OLED is relatively low, compared with the OLED light intensity. Moreover, the LED light distribution is shown to be highly non-uniform. To tackle those problems, we introduce a scattering layer at the outer surface of the glass substrate. It is demonstrated by simulations that the luminous intensity and spatial uniformity of the LED light can be significantly enhanced with the aid of the scattering layer configuration where the scattering particle density is stepwisely varied.</P>

Optical Properties of Staggered InGaN/InGaN/GaN Quantum-Well Structures with Ga- and N-Faces

Park, Seoung-Hwan,Ahn, Doyeol,Park, Jongwoon,Lee, Yong-Tak IOP Publishing 2011 Japanese journal of applied physics Vol.50 No.r7