안면 마스크 착용이 심폐체력에 미치는 영향

류종식 ( Ryu¸ Jongsik ),김종근 ( Kim¸ Jonggeun ) 한국체육학회 2021 한국체육학회지 Vol.60 No.2

본 연구는 코로나 19 팬데믹으로 인하여 마스크 착용이 일상화된 현 상황에 마스크 착용이 성인 남성의 심폐체력에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 남자대학생 11명을 대상자로 선정하여 마스크 미착용(NM), 비말차단마스크 착용(KF-AD), KF94 마스크 착용(KF94), 총 3회에 걸쳐 운동부하검사를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 안정 시 마스크 착용 여부 및 마스크 종류는 심박수, 분당환기량, 호흡교환율, 1회 호흡량, 수축기와 이완기 혈압에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 둘째, 최대부하 운동 시 마스크 착용 여부는 분당 호흡수에는 유의한 영향이 나타나지 않았다. 반면, 심박수(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), 분당환기량(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), 1회 환기량(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), 운동지속시간(p<.05, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), 최대산소섭취량(p<.001 KF-AD, KF94 < NM), 그리고 환기역치(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM)의 경우 최대부하 운동 시 마스크 착용이 심폐체력에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 하지만 마스크 종류에 따른 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 마스크 착용은 최대부하 운동 시 환기능력에 영향을 미쳐 최대산소 섭취량과 환기역치 등의 유산소 퍼포먼스를 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과들은 마스크 착용 후 운동 시 운동강도 재설정 및 유산소 퍼포먼스 측정 시 마스크의 영향에 대한 재고가 필요하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 후속 연구에서는 다양한 종류의 마스크 착용에 관한 연구와 실험대상의 범위와 규모의 확대를 통한 데이터 누적을 바탕으로 마스크 착용 시 유산소성 체력 기준 정립 및 운동강도 설정에 관한 연구를 제언한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wearing facial masks due to COVID-19 pandemic on cardiopulmonary exercise performance in adult men. To achieve this purpose 11 male university students were participated, followed by three exercise load tests: non-mask (NM), KF-AD mask wear (KF-AD), KF94 mask wear (KF94). The results of this study was as follows. First, the mask did not significantly affect HR, VE, RR, TV, SBP and DBP. Second, wearing a mask during maximum load exercise did not have a significant effect on the respiratory rate per minute (p=.890). On the other hand, wearing a mask during maximum load exercise test had a significant effect on cardiopulmonary fitness such as HR(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), VE(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), TV(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), ToE(p<.05, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), VO2max(p<.001 KF-AD, KF94 < NM), and VT(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM). However, there were no significant differences depending on the type of mask. Considering the above results, wearing a mask affects the ventilation ability during maximum load exercise, reducing aerobic performance such as VO2max and VT. These results confirmed that after wearing face masks, it is necessary to reconsider the effect of the mask on the reset of exercise intensity and the measurement of aerobic performance.

Applying policy and health effects of air pollution in South Korea: focus on ambient air quality standards

Jongsik Ha 환경독성보건학회 2014 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.29 No.-

Objectives : South Korea’s air quality standards are insufficient in terms of establishing a procedure for their management. The current system lacks a proper decision-making process and prior evidence is not considered. The purpose of this study is to propose a measure for establishing atmospheric environmental standards in South Korea that will take into consideration the health of its residents. Methods : In this paper, the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of the US was examined in order to suggest ways, which consider health effects, to establish air quality standards in South Korea. Up-to-date research on the health effects of air pollution was then reviewed, and tools were proposed to utilize the key results. This was done in an effort to ensure the reliability of the standards with regard to public health. Results : This study showed that scientific research on the health effects of air pollution and the methodology used in the research have contributed significantly to establishing air quality standards. However, as the standards are legally binding, the procedure should take into account the effects on other sectors. Realistically speaking, it is impossible to establish standards that protect an entire population from air pollution. Instead, it is necessary to find a balance between what should be done and what can be done. Conclusions : Therefore, establishing air quality standards should be done as part of an evidence-based policy that identifies the health effects of air pollution and takes into consideration political, economic, and social contexts.

Utilization of health insurance data in an environmental epidemiology

Jongsik Ha,Seongkyung Cho,Yongseung Shin 환경독성보건학회 2015 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.30 No.-

Objectives In South Korea, health insurance data are used as material for the health insurance of national whole subject. In general, health insurance data could be useful for estimating prevalence or incidence rate that is representative of the actual value in a population. The purpose of this study was to apply the concept of episode of care (EoC) in the utilization of health insurance data in the field of environmental epidemiology and to propose an improved methodology through an uncertainty assessment of disease course and outcome. Methods In this study, we introduced the concept of EoC as a methodology to utilize health insurance data in the field of environmental epidemiology. The characterization analysis of the course and outcome of applying the EoC concept to health insurance data was performed through an uncertainty assessment. Results The EoC concept in this study was applied to heat stroke (International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, code T67). In the comparison of results between before and after applying the EoC concept, we observed a reduction in the deviation of daily claims after applying the EoC concept. After that, we categorized context, model, and input uncertainty and characterized these uncertainties in three dimensions by using uncertainty typology. Conclusions This study is the first to show the process of constructing episode data for environmental epidemiological studies by using health insurance data. Our results will help in obtaining representative results for the processing of health insurance data in environmental epidemiological research. Furthermore, these results could be used in the processing of health insurance data in the future.

A Wide-Band CMOS <i>LC</i> VCO With Linearized Coarse Tuning Characteristics

Jongsik Kim,Jaewook Shin,Seungsoo Kim,Hyunchol Shin IEEE 2008 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS PART 2 E Vol.55 No.5

<P>A pseudo-exponential capacitor bank structure is proposed to implement a wide-band CMOS LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with linearized coarse tuning characteristics. An octave bandwidth VCO employing the proposed 6-bit pseudo-exponential capacitor bank structure has been realized in 0.18-mum CMOS. Compared to a conventional VCO employing a binary weighted capacitor bank, the proposed VCO has considerably reduced the variations of the VCO gain (<I>K</I> <SUB>VCO</SUB>) and the frequency step per a capacitor bank code (<I>f</I> <SUB>step</SUB>/code) by 2.7 and 2.1 times, respectively, across the tuning range of 924-1850 MHz. Measurement results have also shown that the VCO provides the phase noise of - 127.1 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset for 1.752-GHz output frequency while dissipating 6 mA from a 1.8-V supply.</P>

Design of Power Dividers using Defected Microstrip Structure and an Analytically Calculated Characteristic Line Impedance

Jongsik Lim 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.2

A Comparison of Memory Beliefs, Cognitive Activity, and Depression Among Healthy Older Adults, Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Patient with Alzheimer's Disease

JongSik Park,Jooyeon Jamie Im,송인욱,Yeonwook Kang 대한노인병학회 2019 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.23 No.1

Background: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is highly likely to progress to dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). One of the most frequently reported symptoms in aMCI and DAT patients is memory impairment. This study compared the levels of beliefs about memory efficacy and control, cognitive activity, and depression among healthy older adults (OA), patients with aMCI, and patients with DAT. Methods: This study included 21 OA (11 males, 10 females), 16 aMCI patients (6 males, 10 females), and 18 DAT patients (10 males, 8 females). The memory efficacy questionnaire, memory control questionnaire, cognitive activity questionnaire, depression questionnaire, and Seoul Verbal Learning Test were administered to all subjects. Results: DAT patients showed significantly lower scores on the recognition test than did the OA and aMCI patients, and no difference in these scores was observed between the OA and aMCI patients. Regarding the memory efficacy, memory control, and cognitive activity questionnaires, DAT and aMCI patients showed significantly lower scores than did OA. However, there were no differences in these scores between aMCI and DAT patients. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that aMCI patients experienced impairment in memory beliefs and memory control in the same way as DAT patients did. These results suggest that the early application of cognitive rehabili-tation therapy for patients with aMCI may be effective in preventing or alleviating memory deterioration.

A study on the establishment of database for potential genetic toxicity/carcinogen substances in drugs

Jongsik Gam,Jin Ah Hwang,Nam-Song Choi,Dong Hwan Kim 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

There is no accurate information and database on genotoxic/carcinogenic chemicals among chemical substances used in the manufacture of synthetic drugs. Therefore, we performed this research to contribute to drug safety control by establishing a systematic information database on impurities of potential genotoxic/carcinogenic chemical substances used in the manufacturing process of synthetic drug substances. It would be used in drug approval/examination and industry. To acquire a list of potential genotoxic/carcinogenic chemical impurities that could remain unintentionally by the pharmaceutical manufacturing process, a total of 1,434 chemical substances widely used in pharmaceutical companies and appeared in drug manufacturing patents and papers are investigated. The following contents were investigated and analyzed. - Physical and chemical characteristics, such as the structure of each chemical substance - Data on genotoxicity/carcinogenicity test results for each chemical substance - Degree of exposure of the chemicals on food or the environment - Calculation of allowable daily intake in humans for chemical substances - Analysis method of each chemical substance The correlation between the acceptable limits of drug impurities as genotoxic/carcinogenic substances used in the pharmaceutical manufacturing process was examined by linking with the ICH M7 guidelinesHence, We selected potential 50 genotoxic/carcinogenic chemicals frequently used in manufacturing process of pharmaceuticals, such as drug substrates or reagents, from the 1,434 chemicals and then established the database to provide physicochemical properties, toxicity data, daily intake allowance and analytical data (24 AI control compounds, 26 TTC control compounds). This research was supported by grants (19182MFDS391) from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2019.

Tailoring the surface sites of solids to selectively grab and convert environmentally detrimental chemicals

Jongsik Kim 한국진공학회 2019 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2019 No.8

2D Lidar Enhanced Direct Sparse Odometry for Scale Recovery

Jongsik Moon,Byung-Yoon Lee 제어로봇시스템학회 2020 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.10

This paper presents sparse depth enhanced Direct Sparse Odometry algorithm using 2D lidar for scale recovery. In Direct Sparse Odometry algorithm, a scale ambiguity problem degrades a performance of the odometry system, especially in a longitudinal motion. To deal with the lack of knowledge about the scale, we suggest 2D lidar enhanced Direct Sparse odometry algorithm. Using lidar-only odometry algorithm, we calculate the scale, which can be apply to Direct Sparse Odometry algorithm. By multiplying the scale value to the Direct Sparse Odometry algorithm result, new odometry result can be derived. We evaluated the proposed method in KITTI dataset, using narrow vertical FOV of 64 channel lidar. The results prove that our system is robust and accurate than using mono sensor approach.

Design of Memory-Access-Effective H.264 Intra Predictor Integrated with Motion Compensator

Jongsik Park,Jae-Kyung Wee,Hanku Lee,Seongsoo Lee 대한전자공학회 2008 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.1 No.1

In H.264 decoder, intra prediction is a powerful tool for higher compression efficiency from correlation removal of adjacent samples in spatial domain. Therefore, intra predictor requires reference images for adjacent samples. Also, motion compensator and deblocking filter require reference images stored in external memory. They read external frame memory very frequently. Thus, H.264 decoder suffers from frequent memory access. This paper proposes an intra predictor integrated with motion compensator without external frame memory. It was synthesized in 0.18 ㎛ standard cell library. The total gate count, the maximum operating frequency, and the maximum throughput are about 284K gates, 108㎒, CIF 30 fps, respectively.